The present research work is set within the general framework of protection, preservation and enhancement of the Modern Movement buildings. From the early 20th century until the Second World War, architecture experimented innovative ideas in the formal conception as well as in the choice of materials, in the study and in the realization of building elements, which, as a whole, is usually identified as "Modern Movement" / "Modern". The case study analyses the "repeated buildings” of the town-factory area of Torviscosa, located in the southern part of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. From 1937 to the following decades of the 20th century, Franco Marinotti, an important figure in the business world of the time, created a town-factory for the exploitation of cellulose at Torre di Zuino, which later became known as Torviscosa. For the current case study, monographic texts, magazines of the period together with information from Universal Expositions, exhibitions and fairs have been essential to widen the knowledge of materials and the building techniques specifically connected to the Modern Movement architecture. Studies focusing on the issue of council housing have underlined the necessity to approve specific laws to build suitable, comfortable and healthy accommodation for workers in line with hygiene and health enquiries carried out in Italy and Europe. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, the bibliography referring to company towns has provided useful references to identify places related to the birth of textile and mining industries. Later, between the two world wars, the “foundation towns”, which were built in Italy at the behest of the Fascist regime, managed to conciliate the work in “productive” centres with the needs of leisure and daily life. So, those towns featured public and residential buildings, which were characterised by repeated building types according to specific construction criteria and a simple regular urban layout, in a low-density settlement model. Indeed, in the factory town of Torviscosa, the industrial settlement and the rural activity, which together employed about 5000 people, led to the creation of "repeated buildings”, to house workers and families. Today, those buildings need an intervention plan in line with their specific features. The maintenance work carried out after the 1970s have altered the original image of the buildings because the former construction elements have been replaced with more performing products offered by the construction market. After consulting the archive documentation, after repeated visits and following the comparison between the original and current photographic documentation, the research work has focused on the knowledge of the state of affairs of four types of interest - "the employees' houses", "the workers' houses 4-4bis", "the workers' houses 01M" and "the civil servants' houses" - which has allowed to identify the original components of the façade and the transformations it has undergone through the years and which, in some cases, have contributed to alter its initial image. The research work, therefore, aims to provide a tool for "image reintegration". It lays the foundations for the definition of coherent interventions and actions as well as for the conservation of the built heritage starting from the delicate and in-depth process of knowledge. The ultimate aim of the research work is to draw up the "Guidelines" for the recovery, conservation and redevelopment of "repeated" residential buildings in the Torviscosa city-factory area, in order to safeguard and protect a heritage of pivotal importance for the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.

Il lavoro di ricerca si colloca all’interno del quadro generale della tutela, conservazione e valorizzazione degli edifici del Movimento Moderno. Dagli inizi del ‘900 fino alla Seconda guerra Mondiale, l’architettura sperimenta idee innovative nella concezione formale, nello studio e nella realizzazione degli elementi costruttivi, concetti a cui si associa comunemente il termine “Movimento Moderno” / “Moderno”. Il caso studio analizza l’“edilizia ripetuta” del territorio della città-fabbrica di Torviscosa, località situata nella zona sud del Friuli-Venezia Giulia. A partire dal 1937, Franco Marinotti, figura di rilievo nel panorama dell’imprenditoria della prima metà del ‘900, realizza una città-fabbrica per lo sfruttamento della cellulosa a Torre di Zuino, in seguito Torviscosa. In relazione al caso studio in esame, per approfondire gli argomenti specifici dell’architettura del Moderno, supporto essenziale sono stati i testi monografici, la consultazione di riviste del periodo e le informazioni recepite dalle Esposizioni universali, dalle mostre e dalle fiere, con la finalità di ampliare le conoscenze concernenti materiali e tecniche costruttive. Gli studi focalizzati sulla questione delle abitazioni popolari hanno messo in evidenza come le numerose inchieste a carattere igienico-sanitario, in Italia e in Europa, abbiano reso necessario l’approvazione di leggi specifiche, al fine di costruire, per i lavoratori, alloggi adeguati, comodi e salubri. La bibliografia riferita alle città industriali, dalla seconda metà dell’Ottocento, ha fornito riferimenti utili alla conoscenza di centri legati alla nascita di industrie tessili e minerarie. Successivamente, nel periodo compreso tra le due guerre, le “città di fondazione”, realizzate in Italia per volere del regime fascista, hanno saputo conciliare il lavoro nei centri “produttivi” alle esigenze di svago e di vita quotidiana, mettendo a punto, con la costruzione di edifici pubblici e residenze, caratterizzate da tipologie edilizie ripetute, specifici criteri costruttivi e una conformazione urbanistica semplice e regolare, con un modello insediativo a bassa densità. Nella città-fabbrica di Torviscosa, infatti, l'insediamento industriale e l'attività in campagna, con l’impiego di circa 5000 persone, ha portato alla realizzazione di un’“edilizia ripetuta”, per alloggiare lavoratori e famiglie, e che oggi necessita di un piano di intervento articolato rispettoso delle sue specificità. Gli interventi di manutenzione, dopo gli anni ’70, hanno alterato l’immagine originale dei fabbricati a causa della sostituzione degli elementi costruttivi con prodotti ritenuti maggiormente performanti proposti dal mercato dell’edilizia. Il lavoro di ricerca si è concentrato sulla fase di conoscenza dello stato di fatto di quattro tipologie d’interesse - “le case degli impiegati”, “le case operaie 4-4bis”, “le case operaie 01M” e “le case dei funzionari” – che attraverso la consultazione della documentazione d’archivio, i sopralluoghi ripetuti e la comparazione tra la documentazione fotografica originale e attuale, ha consentito di individuare i componenti originali di facciata e le trasformazioni subite negli anni, che in alcuni casi, hanno contribuito ad alterare l’immagine iniziale. Il lavoro di ricerca, quindi, vuole essere uno strumento di “reintegrazione dell’immagine” che, partendo dal delicato e approfondito processo di conoscenza, pone le basi per definire interventi coerenti e indirizzare azioni di conservazione del patrimonio costruito. L’obiettivo del lavoro di ricerca è la redazione di “Linee Guida” per il recupero, la conservazione e la riqualificazione dell'edilizia residenziale “ripetuta” del territorio della città-fabbrica di Torviscosa, per la salvaguardia e la tutela di un patrimonio di estrema importanza per il territorio del Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

CONSERVAZIONE E RECUPERO DELL’EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE DI TORVISCOSA. CITTÀ-FABBRICA DEL ‘900. TIPOLOGIE, MATERIALI, TECNICHE, DEGRADO E INTERVENTI COMPATIBILI / Laiola, GIOVANNA SAVERIA. - (2021 Apr 21).

CONSERVAZIONE E RECUPERO DELL’EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE DI TORVISCOSA. CITTÀ-FABBRICA DEL ‘900. TIPOLOGIE, MATERIALI, TECNICHE, DEGRADO E INTERVENTI COMPATIBILI

LAIOLA, GIOVANNA SAVERIA
2021-04-21

Abstract

The present research work is set within the general framework of protection, preservation and enhancement of the Modern Movement buildings. From the early 20th century until the Second World War, architecture experimented innovative ideas in the formal conception as well as in the choice of materials, in the study and in the realization of building elements, which, as a whole, is usually identified as "Modern Movement" / "Modern". The case study analyses the "repeated buildings” of the town-factory area of Torviscosa, located in the southern part of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. From 1937 to the following decades of the 20th century, Franco Marinotti, an important figure in the business world of the time, created a town-factory for the exploitation of cellulose at Torre di Zuino, which later became known as Torviscosa. For the current case study, monographic texts, magazines of the period together with information from Universal Expositions, exhibitions and fairs have been essential to widen the knowledge of materials and the building techniques specifically connected to the Modern Movement architecture. Studies focusing on the issue of council housing have underlined the necessity to approve specific laws to build suitable, comfortable and healthy accommodation for workers in line with hygiene and health enquiries carried out in Italy and Europe. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, the bibliography referring to company towns has provided useful references to identify places related to the birth of textile and mining industries. Later, between the two world wars, the “foundation towns”, which were built in Italy at the behest of the Fascist regime, managed to conciliate the work in “productive” centres with the needs of leisure and daily life. So, those towns featured public and residential buildings, which were characterised by repeated building types according to specific construction criteria and a simple regular urban layout, in a low-density settlement model. Indeed, in the factory town of Torviscosa, the industrial settlement and the rural activity, which together employed about 5000 people, led to the creation of "repeated buildings”, to house workers and families. Today, those buildings need an intervention plan in line with their specific features. The maintenance work carried out after the 1970s have altered the original image of the buildings because the former construction elements have been replaced with more performing products offered by the construction market. After consulting the archive documentation, after repeated visits and following the comparison between the original and current photographic documentation, the research work has focused on the knowledge of the state of affairs of four types of interest - "the employees' houses", "the workers' houses 4-4bis", "the workers' houses 01M" and "the civil servants' houses" - which has allowed to identify the original components of the façade and the transformations it has undergone through the years and which, in some cases, have contributed to alter its initial image. The research work, therefore, aims to provide a tool for "image reintegration". It lays the foundations for the definition of coherent interventions and actions as well as for the conservation of the built heritage starting from the delicate and in-depth process of knowledge. The ultimate aim of the research work is to draw up the "Guidelines" for the recovery, conservation and redevelopment of "repeated" residential buildings in the Torviscosa city-factory area, in order to safeguard and protect a heritage of pivotal importance for the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.
21-apr-2021
MANZAN, MARCO
33
2019/2020
Settore ICAR/10 - Architettura Tecnica
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2988918
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