Publication: Tarihi endüstriyel yapılarda yeniden işlevlendirme kavramı: Samsun tütün fabrikası örneği
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Date
2021
Authors
Halıcı, Hatice
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Publisher
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı / İç Mimarlık Bilim Dalı
Abstract
Yapılar insanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak işleviyle şekil alan kütlelerdir. Sanayi yapıları da, Endüstri Devrimiyle kendine yön bulmuş büyük ölçekli, üretim işlevli tesislerdir. Endüstri Devrimi, önemi yadsınamayacak değere sahip, insanlık tarihinin dönüm noktalarından biridir ki geleneksel küçük ölçekli, insan gücüne dayanan üretim şekli, yerini sanayi yapılarına bırakmıştır. Zamanla, teknolojideki gelişmeler başta olmak üzere, sosyo-kültürel başkalaşımlar ve ekonomik büyüme, endüstri devrimi yapılarını uzun vadede işlevsiz kılmıştır. Fiziksel olarak varlığını koruyan bu yapılar artık işlevlerini yerine getiremeyerek terk edilen, atıl kalan ölü kütlelere dönüşmüştür. Toplumsal bellekte yer ederek, kültürel ve tarihsel değer taşıyan bu yapılar, kentin yeni kültürüne adapte olabilmesi ve geçmişi gelecek nesillere aktarabilmesi adına değişime uyum sağlayarak ve aktif olarak kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Endüstri yapılarını koruma kavramı bilinci, zaman içerisinde var olmuş ve bu süre zarfında pek çok yapı korunamayarak yok olmuştur. Terk edilen endüstri yapılarının, yeni kent düzenlemelerinde yok sayılarak yıkılması zaman içerisinde endüstri toplumunun dikkatini çekmiş ve endüstriyel miras kavramına temel oluşturmuştur. Fiziksel ömrünü tamamlamamış bu yapılar için farklı işlevler düşünülerek yaşatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu aşamada birbirinden farklı disiplinler tarihi yapılara bambaşka çerçeveden bakmışlardır. Koruma kurullarının atıl kalan kültürel miras yapılarına, tarihsel değer olarak bakmaları beklenirken çoğu zaman yatırımcıların rant uğruna bu değerler yok sayılmıştır. Kullanıcısının fiziki yenilik beklentisinde ise; mimarın rolü yapıyı başkalaştırmadan korumak ve yaşatmak olmalıdır. Ölçek olarak büyük varlığa sahip bu yapılar genelde kişisel değil, kamu için dönüştürülmektedir ve yeni işlev belirlenirken en önemli kriter ekonomik getiri değil; toplumun ve bölgenin ihtiyacını karşılayacak, aynı zamanda da yapının öz benliğini koruyacak şekilde işlevlendirmek olmalıdır. Bu bağlamda tezin örnek teşkil eden konusu "Samsun Tütün Fabrikası"dır. Sadece Samsun kenti nüfusunun geçim kaynağı olarak değil; ülkenin önemli üretim tesislerindendir. Önemini ise sadece ailesel ve ulusal ekonomik getirisinden değil, toplum bellekte yer etmiş, kültürel değer taşımasından alır. Lokasyon olarak kentin önemli ulaşım ağları ve yapı kütleleri arasında; kent merkezinde konumlanan Samsun Tütün Fabrikası işlevini yitirdikten sonra sadece avlusunun otopark olarak kullanılmasının ardından, 2010 yılında bugün ki Bulvar AVM işlevini almıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Endüstri Devrimi, Sanayi Yapıları, Kültürel Miras, Yeniden İşlevlendirme, Samsun Tütün Fabrikası
Buildings are masses that take shape to meet the needs of people. Industrial buildings are large-scale facilities with production functions that have found their way through the ındustrial revolution. The ındustrial revolution is one of the turning points in the history of mankind, which is of undeniable importance thus the traditional small-scale, manpower-based production method has been replaced by industrial structures. Over time, the developments in tecnology, socio-cultural transpormations and economic growth have rendered the industrial revolution structures dysfunctional in the long term. These structures, which preserve their existence physically, can no longer fulfill their functions and have turned into dead masses that have been abandoned. These structures, which have cultural and historical value by taking place in the social memory, require the city to adapt to change and actively use in order to adapt to the new culture and pass the past to the future generations. Consciousness of the concept of protecting industrial building has existed over time and during this period, many buildings could not be protected and disappeared. The demolition of abandoned industrial buildings by ignoring them in the new city regulations has attracted the attention of the industrial society in time and formed the basis fort he concept of industrial heritage. These structures, which have not completed their physical life, have been tried to be kept alive by considering different functions. At this stage, different disciplines have looked at historical structures from a completely different perspective. While the conservation boardsa re expected to look at the idle cultural heritage structures as historical values, these values are often ignored fort he sake of the investors' sake. In the user's expectation of the physical innovation; the role of the architect should be to preserve and keep the building alive from alteration. These structures, which have a large scale in terms of scale, are generally transformed fort he public rather than private and the most important criterion when determining a new function is not economic return; it should be functional in a way that meets the needs of the society and the region and at the same time protects the core identity of the building. In this context, the subject that sets an example fort he thesis is "Samsun Tobacco". Not only as a means of livelihood for Samsun city population; it is one of the most important production facilities of the country. It takes it's importance not only from the family and national economic returns, but also from the cultural value of the society. In terms of location, among the important transportation networks and building masses of the city; Samsun Tobacco Factory, located in the city center, lost it's functions and after only it's courtyard was used as a parking lot, in 2010, it assumed the function of today's Bulvar Shopping Center. Keywords: Industrial Revolution, Industrial Buildings, Cultural Heritage, Re-functioning, Samsun Tobacco Factory
Buildings are masses that take shape to meet the needs of people. Industrial buildings are large-scale facilities with production functions that have found their way through the ındustrial revolution. The ındustrial revolution is one of the turning points in the history of mankind, which is of undeniable importance thus the traditional small-scale, manpower-based production method has been replaced by industrial structures. Over time, the developments in tecnology, socio-cultural transpormations and economic growth have rendered the industrial revolution structures dysfunctional in the long term. These structures, which preserve their existence physically, can no longer fulfill their functions and have turned into dead masses that have been abandoned. These structures, which have cultural and historical value by taking place in the social memory, require the city to adapt to change and actively use in order to adapt to the new culture and pass the past to the future generations. Consciousness of the concept of protecting industrial building has existed over time and during this period, many buildings could not be protected and disappeared. The demolition of abandoned industrial buildings by ignoring them in the new city regulations has attracted the attention of the industrial society in time and formed the basis fort he concept of industrial heritage. These structures, which have not completed their physical life, have been tried to be kept alive by considering different functions. At this stage, different disciplines have looked at historical structures from a completely different perspective. While the conservation boardsa re expected to look at the idle cultural heritage structures as historical values, these values are often ignored fort he sake of the investors' sake. In the user's expectation of the physical innovation; the role of the architect should be to preserve and keep the building alive from alteration. These structures, which have a large scale in terms of scale, are generally transformed fort he public rather than private and the most important criterion when determining a new function is not economic return; it should be functional in a way that meets the needs of the society and the region and at the same time protects the core identity of the building. In this context, the subject that sets an example fort he thesis is "Samsun Tobacco". Not only as a means of livelihood for Samsun city population; it is one of the most important production facilities of the country. It takes it's importance not only from the family and national economic returns, but also from the cultural value of the society. In terms of location, among the important transportation networks and building masses of the city; Samsun Tobacco Factory, located in the city center, lost it's functions and after only it's courtyard was used as a parking lot, in 2010, it assumed the function of today's Bulvar Shopping Center. Keywords: Industrial Revolution, Industrial Buildings, Cultural Heritage, Re-functioning, Samsun Tobacco Factory
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Keywords
Mimarlık, İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon, Architecture, Interior Design and Decoration