Tolerância e potencial fitorremediador de Jatropha curcas L. aos metais níquel e cobre
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Data
2016-03-01
Autores
Hiraki, Simone Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido às atividades antrópicas de mineração, descarte inadequado de resíduos, e uso exagerado de pesticidas químicos, problemas de contaminação dos solos por metais pesados têm sido cada vez mais registrados, ocupando áreas agrícolas que poderiam ser utilizadas por culturas alimentares. Dentre as técnicas utilizadas para descontaminar áreas poluídas por metais, existe a fitorremediação, que é uma técnica que utiliza plantas para extrair, ou reter os metais do solo. O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma espécie que foi apontada em muitos trabalhos como tolerante à solos de baixa fertilidade e com alta concentração de metais pesados, e graças à essas características, poderia ser utilizada em programas de fitorremediação. No entanto, os dados sobre crescimento, tolerância, acúmulo de metais e alterações na composição mineral da espécie são escassos, necessitando que mais trabalhos sejam realizados a fim de comprovar esse potencial. A fim de analisar o potencial da espécie J. curcas para uso em áreas contaminadas por níquel e cobre, foram realizados seis experimentos aplicando-se 0; 6,5; 13; 30; 70 e 100 mg de Ni Kg-1, e 0; 17,5; 35; 60; 200 e 400 mg de Cu Kg-1 nas fases de germinação, desenvolvimento inicial e em plantas com dois anos de idade. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que J. curcas tem potencial para revegetar áreas em processo de descontaminação por níquel, por mostrar melhorias na germinação, além de apresentar parâmetros de crescimento pouco afetados, apesar de ser notado um antagonismo à absorção de Mg, Cu e Zn, que poderiam levar à problemas em outras fases do desenvolvimento. A espécie não é indicada para plantio em áreas contaminadas por cobre, apresentando queda da germinação, alta mortalidade na fase jovem e sintomas visuais de toxidez causados por esse metal. Além das alterações no crescimento, a presença de cobre pode reduzir a absorção de N, P e Fe nutrientes essenciais ao desenvolvimento da planta.
Because the human activities of mining, inadequate waste disposal, and exaggerated use of chemical pesticides, soil contamination problems from heavy metals have been increasingly recorded, occupying agricultural land that could be used for food crops. Among the techniques used to decontaminate areas polluted with metals, there is phytoremediation, which is a technique that uses plants to extract or retain metals from soil. The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a species that was identified in many studies as tolerant of low soil fertility and high concentrations of heavy metals, and thanks to these characteristics, could be used in phytoremediation programs. However, data on growth, tolerance, accumulation of metals and changes in mineral composition of this kind are still scarce, requiring that more studies be carried out to prove that potential. In order to analyze the potential of J. curcas species for use in areas contaminated by nickel and copper, six experiments were carried out by applying 0; 6.5; 13; 30; 70 and 100 mg Kg-1 Ni, and 0; 17.5; 35; 60; 200 and 400 mg Kg-1 Cu phases germination and early development of plants with two years of age. The results showed that J. curcas has potential for Revegetate areas for nickel decontamination process, presents improvements on the germination and the growth parameters are little affected despite being noticed a antagonism the absorption of Mg, Cu and Zn, which could lead to problems in other stages of development. The species is not indicated for planting in copper contaminated areas, showing a drop of germination, high mortality in young stage and visual symptoms of toxicity caused by copper. In addition to the changes in growth, the presence of copper may reduce the absorption of N, P and Fe nutrients essential to plant development.
Because the human activities of mining, inadequate waste disposal, and exaggerated use of chemical pesticides, soil contamination problems from heavy metals have been increasingly recorded, occupying agricultural land that could be used for food crops. Among the techniques used to decontaminate areas polluted with metals, there is phytoremediation, which is a technique that uses plants to extract or retain metals from soil. The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a species that was identified in many studies as tolerant of low soil fertility and high concentrations of heavy metals, and thanks to these characteristics, could be used in phytoremediation programs. However, data on growth, tolerance, accumulation of metals and changes in mineral composition of this kind are still scarce, requiring that more studies be carried out to prove that potential. In order to analyze the potential of J. curcas species for use in areas contaminated by nickel and copper, six experiments were carried out by applying 0; 6.5; 13; 30; 70 and 100 mg Kg-1 Ni, and 0; 17.5; 35; 60; 200 and 400 mg Kg-1 Cu phases germination and early development of plants with two years of age. The results showed that J. curcas has potential for Revegetate areas for nickel decontamination process, presents improvements on the germination and the growth parameters are little affected despite being noticed a antagonism the absorption of Mg, Cu and Zn, which could lead to problems in other stages of development. The species is not indicated for planting in copper contaminated areas, showing a drop of germination, high mortality in young stage and visual symptoms of toxicity caused by copper. In addition to the changes in growth, the presence of copper may reduce the absorption of N, P and Fe nutrients essential to plant development.
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Palavras-chave
Pinhão-manso, Metais pesados, Composição mineral, Physic nut, Mineral composition, Heavy metal