Métodos físicos na conservação de caqui cv. kioto in natura e minimamente processado
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Data
2016-08-31
Autores
Mendonça, Veridiana Zocoler de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O caqui ‘Kyoto’ desperta interesse dos produtores por apresentar polpa de coloração chocolate e não taninosa, uma vez que os frutos, normalmente, são consumidos in natura. No entanto, a safra se concentra nos meses de março a maio, o que acarreta maior oferta que demanda nesse período. Com a utilização de técnicas pós-colheita é possível conservar os frutos e atingir melhores preços na entressafra da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização da atmosfera modificada ativa e da radiação gama na qualidade póscolheita de frutos de caqui cv. Kioto in natura e minimamente processado. No primeiro experimento os frutos foram embalados em saco s de nylon-polietileno e submetidos à atmosfera modificada ativa (0,03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 5 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 e 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). No segundo experimento os frutos foram embalados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido (EPS) cobertos com filme plástico de policloreto de vinila e submetidos a doses de radiação gama (0,0 kGy, 0,3 kGy, 0,6 kGy, 0,9 kGy e 1,2 kGy). Nos experimentos I e II, as análises foram realizadas a cada sete dias durante 35 dias. O terceiro experimento foi realizado com frutos minimamente processados em corte longitudinal, embalados em sacos de nylon-polietileno e submetidos à atmosfera modificada ativa (0,03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 e 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). As análises foram realizadas a cada dois dias durante dez dias. O armazenamento, nos três experimentos, se deu em ambiente refrigerado a 5 ± 0,5 ºC e 85 ± 5 % de umidade relativa e foram avaliados quanto a perda de massa fresca, pH, acidez titulável, índice de maturação, sólidos solúveis, açúcares, coloração, ácido ascórbico, vitamina C total, compostos fenólicos totais, avaliação da atividade sequestrante de radical DPPH, pigmentos, flavonoides e 2 atividade das enzimas poligalacturonase e pectinametilesterase. Os experimentos foram executados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, Teste F (p<0,05), e as médias comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey e regressão polinomial (p<0,05). A utilização de atmosfera modificada ativa combinada com armazenamento refrigerado é um método físico viável para a conservação de caqui ‘Kioto’, destacando -se a atmosfera composta por 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2. A radiação gama pode ser utilizada como técnica de conservação pós-colheita para caqui ‘Kioto’, no entanto, por período superior a 21 dias pode ocorrer perda da qualidade e doses mais baixas, 0,3 e 0,6 kGy mostraram-se mais adequadas para aplicação nos frutos. O caqui ‘Kioto’ tem potencial para o processamento mínimo e possibilidade de comercialização por até dez dias de armazenamento sob atmosfera modificada ativa. As atmosferas compostas por 6 % CO2 ou 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 apresentaram melhores resultados quanto à conservação e manutenção da qualidade deste produto.
Persimmon 'Kioto' arouses interest of producers to present color pulp chocolate and not tannin, since the fruits are usually consumed fresh. However, the crop is concentrated in the months of February to May, which entails greater supply than demand in this period. With the use of post-harvest techniques can preserve fruits and achieve better prices in the cultural season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the active modified atmosphere and gamma radiation on fruit postharvest quality of persimmons cv. Kioto fresh and minimally processed. In the first experiment the fruits were packed in nylonpolyethylene bags and subjected to active modified atmosphere (0.03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 5 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 and 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). In the second experiment the fruits were packed in polystyrene trays (EPS) covered with plastic film of polyvinyl chloride and subjected to gamma radiation doses (0.0 kGy, 0.3 kGy, 0.6 kGy, 0.9 kGy and 1.2 kGy). In the experiments I and II, the analyzes were performed every seven days for 35 days. The third experiment was performed with minimally processed fruit longitudinal sectional packed in nylon-polyethylene bag and subjected to active modified atmosphere (0.03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 and 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). The analyzes were performed every other day for ten days. The storage in the three experiments, occurred under refrigeration at 5 ± 0.5 ° C and 85 ± 5% relative humidity and analyzed fresh mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, maturation index, solub le solids, sugars, coloring , ascorbic acid, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, evaluation of scavenging activity of DPPH radical, pigments, flavonoids and activity of enzymes polygalacturonase and pectinametilesterase. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized 4 design in a factorial design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, F test (p <0.05), and the averages compared by Tukey test and polynomial regression (p <0.05). The use of the combined active modifie d atmosphere refrigerated storage is a viable physical method for storage persimmons Kioto, highlighting the atmosphere containing 7 % CO2 and 4 % O2. Gamma radiation can be used as post-harvest conservation technique for persimmon "Kyoto", however, for a period over 21 days can result in loss of quality and lower doses, 0.3 and 0.6 kGy, were more suitable for application in fruits. Persimmon 'Ki oto' has the potential to minimal processing and marketability within ten days of storage under active modified atmosphere. The atmospheres composed of 6 % CO2 or 7 % CO2 and 4% O2 showed better results regarding the conservation and maintenance of the quality of this product.
Persimmon 'Kioto' arouses interest of producers to present color pulp chocolate and not tannin, since the fruits are usually consumed fresh. However, the crop is concentrated in the months of February to May, which entails greater supply than demand in this period. With the use of post-harvest techniques can preserve fruits and achieve better prices in the cultural season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the active modified atmosphere and gamma radiation on fruit postharvest quality of persimmons cv. Kioto fresh and minimally processed. In the first experiment the fruits were packed in nylonpolyethylene bags and subjected to active modified atmosphere (0.03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 5 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 and 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). In the second experiment the fruits were packed in polystyrene trays (EPS) covered with plastic film of polyvinyl chloride and subjected to gamma radiation doses (0.0 kGy, 0.3 kGy, 0.6 kGy, 0.9 kGy and 1.2 kGy). In the experiments I and II, the analyzes were performed every seven days for 35 days. The third experiment was performed with minimally processed fruit longitudinal sectional packed in nylon-polyethylene bag and subjected to active modified atmosphere (0.03 % CO2 + 21 % O2, 6 % CO2 + 4 % O2, 7 % CO2 + 4 % O2 and 8 % CO2 + 4 % O2). The analyzes were performed every other day for ten days. The storage in the three experiments, occurred under refrigeration at 5 ± 0.5 ° C and 85 ± 5% relative humidity and analyzed fresh mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, maturation index, solub le solids, sugars, coloring , ascorbic acid, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, evaluation of scavenging activity of DPPH radical, pigments, flavonoids and activity of enzymes polygalacturonase and pectinametilesterase. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized 4 design in a factorial design with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, F test (p <0.05), and the averages compared by Tukey test and polynomial regression (p <0.05). The use of the combined active modifie d atmosphere refrigerated storage is a viable physical method for storage persimmons Kioto, highlighting the atmosphere containing 7 % CO2 and 4 % O2. Gamma radiation can be used as post-harvest conservation technique for persimmon "Kyoto", however, for a period over 21 days can result in loss of quality and lower doses, 0.3 and 0.6 kGy, were more suitable for application in fruits. Persimmon 'Ki oto' has the potential to minimal processing and marketability within ten days of storage under active modified atmosphere. The atmospheres composed of 6 % CO2 or 7 % CO2 and 4% O2 showed better results regarding the conservation and maintenance of the quality of this product.
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Palavras-chave
Diospyros kaki L., Atmosfera modificada ativa, Processamento mínimo, Pós-colheita, Radiação gama, Active modified atmosphere, Fresh cut, Post harvest, Gamma radiation