Intervenções em corpos hídricos urbanos: uma visão da atual conjuntura no Brasil
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Data
2016-08-04
Autores
Camacho, Sara [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A urbanização descontrolada gerou a problemática dos rios urbanos, que consequentemente, tem afetado a vida da população que vive nas cidades. A crescente preocupação acerca dos problemas ambientais deu início a processos de recuperação dos rios degradados e seu entorno. No entanto, esse cenário no Brasil é ainda incipiente e evolui a passos lentos, onde boa parte das informações sobre intervenções dessa natureza encontram-se dispersas, desconexas e perdidas, não existindo conhecimento suficiente sobre a quantidade, localização, resultados gerados e diversos outros fatores. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho busca preencher algumas lacunas existentes acerca desse conhecimento, averiguar se os esforços têm gerado resultados positivos, bem como discutir sobre dificuldades e perspectivas relativas à recuperação dos corpos hídricos urbanos no país. Para tal, foram reunidos vinte e um projetos que, em maior ou menor escala, visaram melhorias em corpos hídricos e, a partir da avaliação do contexto urbano, ambiental e social onde estavam inseridos, foram identificados e sistematizados parâmetros relacionados aos objetivos almejados e ações alcançadas, buscando identificar padrões e características projetuais, para que dessa forma, contribua na obtenção de resultados mais abrangentes e incisivos futuramente. A avaliação mostrou a fragilidade das políticas públicas nacionais em relação aos recursos hídricos em geral, onde, na grande maioria, são empregadas ações pontuais, superficiais, e incompletas, que não solucionam os distúrbios que afetam as áreas degradadas de maneira concreta e efetiva, e onde são utilizadas medidas que geram resultados meramente estéticos e que não alteram de fato a qualidade ambiental. Ainda, existem divergências entre as medidas previstas a serem realizadas e o que realmente é implantado no local. Durante o processo de pesquisa, ficou comprovada a necessidade de divulgação e de estudos pós-implantação das obras, onde haja uma melhor documentação sobre seus efeitos físicos, ecológicos e também sobre custos. Os resultados mostram que esses procedimentos necessitam de abordagens mais abrangentes e incisivas por parte dos planejadores e poder público, assim como o envolvimento e participação da sociedade. Todavia, é importante ressaltar que intervenções em corpos hídricos objetivando melhorias são sempre realizáveis, embora, às vezes, com limitações, especialmente quando em áreas urbanas.
Uncontrolled urbanization led to the problem of urban rivers, which consequently has affected the lives of people living in cities. The growing concern about environmental problems initiated recovery processes of degraded rivers and their surroundings. However, this scenario in Brazil is still incipient and evolves slowly, where much of the information about interventions of this nature are scattered, disjointed and lost, and there is not enough knowledge about the quantity, location, results generated and various other factors . In this context, this paper seeks to fill some gaps on this knowledge, ascertain whether the efforts have generated positive results and discuss problems and prospects for the recovery of urban water bodies in the country. To this end, were gathered twenty-one projects to a greater or lesser extent, targeted improvements in water bodies and from the evaluation of urban, environmental and social context in which they were entered, were identified and systematized parameters related to the desired objectives and actions achieved in order to identify patterns and projective characteristics, so that in this way, contribute to achieve more comprehensive and incisive future results. The evaluation showed the fragility of national policies in relation to water resources in general, which, in most cases, punctual, superficial actions are employed, and incomplete, that does not solve the disturbances affecting the damaged areas of concrete and effective way, and where measures are used that generate merely aesthetic results and that do not alter the fact that environmental quality. Still, there are differences between the measures planned to be undertaken and what is actually implemented on site. During the research process, it has proved the need for dissemination and post-implementation of the works studies, where there is better documentation of their physical, ecological and also on costs. The results show that these procedures require more comprehensive and incisive on the part of planners and government approaches, as well as the involvement and participation. However, it is important that interventions in water bodies aiming improvements are always achievable, although sometimes with limitations, especially in urban areas.
Uncontrolled urbanization led to the problem of urban rivers, which consequently has affected the lives of people living in cities. The growing concern about environmental problems initiated recovery processes of degraded rivers and their surroundings. However, this scenario in Brazil is still incipient and evolves slowly, where much of the information about interventions of this nature are scattered, disjointed and lost, and there is not enough knowledge about the quantity, location, results generated and various other factors . In this context, this paper seeks to fill some gaps on this knowledge, ascertain whether the efforts have generated positive results and discuss problems and prospects for the recovery of urban water bodies in the country. To this end, were gathered twenty-one projects to a greater or lesser extent, targeted improvements in water bodies and from the evaluation of urban, environmental and social context in which they were entered, were identified and systematized parameters related to the desired objectives and actions achieved in order to identify patterns and projective characteristics, so that in this way, contribute to achieve more comprehensive and incisive future results. The evaluation showed the fragility of national policies in relation to water resources in general, which, in most cases, punctual, superficial actions are employed, and incomplete, that does not solve the disturbances affecting the damaged areas of concrete and effective way, and where measures are used that generate merely aesthetic results and that do not alter the fact that environmental quality. Still, there are differences between the measures planned to be undertaken and what is actually implemented on site. During the research process, it has proved the need for dissemination and post-implementation of the works studies, where there is better documentation of their physical, ecological and also on costs. The results show that these procedures require more comprehensive and incisive on the part of planners and government approaches, as well as the involvement and participation. However, it is important that interventions in water bodies aiming improvements are always achievable, although sometimes with limitations, especially in urban areas.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rios urbanos, Recuperação de rios, Restauração, Urbanização, Urban rivers, River recovery, Restoration, Urban areas