Efeito de diferentes modelos de exercício físico sobre a composição corporal, marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios em adolescentes obesos
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Data
2016-11-01
Autores
Monteiro, Paula Alves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A prevalência da obesidade na população pediátrica aumenta a um ritmo acelerado em muitos países, e tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública. O exercício físico (crônico e agudo) continua sendo uma pedra angular nas intervenções com a população pediátrica obesa. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito de modelos distintos de exercício físico agudo e crônico na composição corporal, variáveis metabólicas e resposta dos marcadores inflamatórios em adolescentes obesos com ou sem esteatose hepática (EH). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo crônico - 32 adolescentes obesos participaram de dois grupos de treinamento randomizados, concorrente ou aeróbico durante 20 semanas (50 minutos x 3 por semana), e foram comparados a um grupo controle de 16 sujeitos. Estudo Agudo - 19 adolescentes obesos realizaram duas sessões experimentais, separadas por uma semana, Exercício Intermitente de Intensidade Moderada (EIIM) (3 min: 1 min a 65% velocidade máxima atingida durante o teste de esteira, totalizando ~ 3 km) e Exercício Intermitente de Alta Intensidade (EIAI) (2 min: 1 min a 95% da velocidade máxima alcançada durante o teste de esteira, totalizando ~ 3 km). Ambos os estudos mensuraram a composição corporal dos voluntários utilizando-se a absortometria de raio-x de dupla energia, perfil metabólico e inflamatório, bem como o diagnóstico da EH e a espessura da gordura subcutânea e visceral utilizando-se o ultrassom. Resultados: No estudo crônico após 20 semanas, ambos os grupos de treinamento reduziram significativamente o % GC por 2,9-3,6% em comparação ao grupo controle que não obteve mudanças (p = 0,042). Houve também mudanças positivas no perfil lipídico dos grupos que treinaram. No entanto, as variáveis inflamatórias não se alteraram. Não houve diferença entre as mudanças dos grupos de treinamento aeróbio e concorrente. Já o estudo agudo houve alterações significativas no grupo EIAI com EH, no triacilglicerol (aumentou de 17,9%) e cortisol (aumentou 93,03%) e no grupo EIAI sem EH, houve alterações no triacilglicerol (aumentou de 10,6%), no cortisol (aumentou de 18,1%) e IL-6 (aumentou de 20,4%). No grupo EIIM com EH, houve alteração significativa apenas no cortisol (diminuição de 46,9%) e no grupo EIIM sem EH foram observadas alterações no triacilglicerol (aumento de 9,4%) e cortisol (diminuição de 41%). Concluímos que os treinamentos concorrente e aeróbio foram capazes de propiciar benefícios na composição corporal e nas variáveis metabólicas em adolescentes com e sem EH, e só o esforço aeróbio agudo de alta intensidade propiciou alterações inflamatórias nos adolescentes sem EH.
The prevalence of obesity in pediatric population is increasing at an accelerated rate in many countries, and has become a major public health concern. Physical activity, particularly exercise training (chronic and acute), remains to be a cornerstone of pediatric obesity interventions, and of diseases associated, such as the hepatic steatosis. Thus the aim of the study was analyze the effect of different types of exercise on body composition, metabolic variables and response of inflammatory mediators in obese adolescents with and without hepatic steatosis (HS). Materials and Methods: Chronic study - 32 obese adolescents participated in two randomized, concurrent or aerobic training groups for 20 weeks (50 minutes x 3 per week), and were compared to a control group of 16 subjects. Acute Study - 19 obese adolescents underwent two experimental sessions, separated by one week, Intermittent Exercise of Moderate Intensity (MIIE) (3 min: 1 min at 65% maximum speed reached during treadmill test, totalizing ~ 3 km) and Intermittent exercise (HIIE) (2 min: 1 min at 95% of the maximum speed reached during the treadmill test, totaling ~ 3 km). Both studies measured the body composition of the volunteers using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, metabolic and inflammatory profile, as well as the diagnosis of HS and the thickness of the subcutaneous and visceral fat using the ultrasound. Results: In the chronic study after 20 weeks, both training groups significantly reduced the % BF by 2.9-3.6% compared to the control group that did not change (p = 0.042). There were also positive changes in the lipid profile of the groups they trained. However, the inflammatory variables did not change. There was no difference between the changes in the aerobic and concurrent training groups. In the acute study, there were significant alterations in the triacylglycerol (increased from 17.9%) and cortisol (93.03%) and in the HIIE group without HS), Cortisol (increased by 18.1%) and IL-6 (increased by 20.4%). In the MIIE group with HS, there was a significant change only in cortisol (46.9% decrease) and in the MIIE group without HS, changes in triacylglycerol (increase of 9.4%) and cortisol (decrease of 41%) were observed. We conclude that concurrent and aerobic training were able to provide benefits in body composition and metabolic variables in adolescents with and without HS, and only the high intensity acute aerobic effort allowed for inflammatory and metabolic changes in adolescents without HS.
The prevalence of obesity in pediatric population is increasing at an accelerated rate in many countries, and has become a major public health concern. Physical activity, particularly exercise training (chronic and acute), remains to be a cornerstone of pediatric obesity interventions, and of diseases associated, such as the hepatic steatosis. Thus the aim of the study was analyze the effect of different types of exercise on body composition, metabolic variables and response of inflammatory mediators in obese adolescents with and without hepatic steatosis (HS). Materials and Methods: Chronic study - 32 obese adolescents participated in two randomized, concurrent or aerobic training groups for 20 weeks (50 minutes x 3 per week), and were compared to a control group of 16 subjects. Acute Study - 19 obese adolescents underwent two experimental sessions, separated by one week, Intermittent Exercise of Moderate Intensity (MIIE) (3 min: 1 min at 65% maximum speed reached during treadmill test, totalizing ~ 3 km) and Intermittent exercise (HIIE) (2 min: 1 min at 95% of the maximum speed reached during the treadmill test, totaling ~ 3 km). Both studies measured the body composition of the volunteers using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, metabolic and inflammatory profile, as well as the diagnosis of HS and the thickness of the subcutaneous and visceral fat using the ultrasound. Results: In the chronic study after 20 weeks, both training groups significantly reduced the % BF by 2.9-3.6% compared to the control group that did not change (p = 0.042). There were also positive changes in the lipid profile of the groups they trained. However, the inflammatory variables did not change. There was no difference between the changes in the aerobic and concurrent training groups. In the acute study, there were significant alterations in the triacylglycerol (increased from 17.9%) and cortisol (93.03%) and in the HIIE group without HS), Cortisol (increased by 18.1%) and IL-6 (increased by 20.4%). In the MIIE group with HS, there was a significant change only in cortisol (46.9% decrease) and in the MIIE group without HS, changes in triacylglycerol (increase of 9.4%) and cortisol (decrease of 41%) were observed. We conclude that concurrent and aerobic training were able to provide benefits in body composition and metabolic variables in adolescents with and without HS, and only the high intensity acute aerobic effort allowed for inflammatory and metabolic changes in adolescents without HS.
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Palavras-chave
Gordura corporal, Treinamento físico, Obesidade, Esteatose hepática, Body fat, Physical training, Obesity, Hepatic steatosis