Avaliação de propriedades físicas, mecânicas e biológicas de uma resina acrílica para base de próteses após imersão em soluções de sabonetes líquidos desinfetantes: efeito de tempo de imersão
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Data
2017-03-16
Autores
Zoccolotti, Jacqueline de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A desinfecção química associada ao método mecânico tem sido recomendada para a higienização de próteses removíveis parciais ou totais. Levando-se em consideração as desvantagens dos agentes químicos de limpeza utilizados para a desinfecção ou redução do biofilme das próteses, como o manchamento, branqueamento e corrosão das partes metálicas, novos estudos são necessários. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades biológicas, físicas e mecânicas de uma resina acrílica para base de próteses após imersão em sabonetes líquidos desinfetantes, nas suas concentrações inibitórias minímas (CIM) para Candida albicans, após diferentes períodos de tempo. Primeiramente, a CIM de cada sabonete foi determinada. Amostras de resina acrílica (Vipi Wave®) foram confeccionadas e divididas em grupos para avaliação da capacidade de formação de biofilme (n=6), citotoxicidade (n=9), rugosidade (n=15), dureza (n=15) e alteração de cor (n=15), após imersão por 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, nas seguintes soluções: AD: imersão em água destilada a 37°C (grupo controle); SD: ciclos de imersão diária em sabonete Dettol®® a 0,39%, por 8 horas a temperatura ambiente, seguido de imersão em água destilada por 16 horas a 37°C, simulando a desinfecção noturna das próteses; SP: ciclos de imersão diária em sabonete Protex® a 3,12%, conforme descrito para o grupo anterior. SL: ciclos de imersão diária em sabonete Lifebuoy® a 0,78%, conforme descrito para o grupo SD. Além disso, a redução do biofilme de Candida albicans formado sobre a superfície de amostras (n=9) imersas por 8 horas (overnight) nas soluções também foi avaliada. Para análise da capacidade de formação de biofilme, realizaram-se os testes de contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) e o alamarBlue® após a fase de adesão e após 24 horas de formação do biofilme. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de ANOVA (α = 0,05). Para a fase de adesão, os resultados mostraram que o tipo de sabonete teve um efeito estatisticamente significativo na capacidade da formação do biofilme, mas após 24 horas, tanto para a contagem de UFC quanto para o teste alamarBlue®, nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre as soluções ou entre os tempos de armazenamento. Para saber a eficácia na redução de biofilme após imersão por 8 horas nas soluções desinfetantes, avaliou-se o remanescente do biofilme de 48 horas também por meio da contagem de UFC. Para a análise estatística, recorreu-se ao teste não paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis seguido do teste post-hoc de Dunn (α = 0,05). A análise mostrou uma diferença significante (p=0.014) quando os grupos foram comparados entre si. O grupo imerso em sabonete Protex® apresentou uma pequena redução do biofilme em comparação com o grupo controle; já os grupos imersos em sabonete Dettol® e Lifebuoy® eliminaram totalmente o biofilme existente nas superfícies das resinas acrílicas. Os resultados do teste de citotoxicidade foram avaliados qualitativamente (comparação com o grupo controle) e quantitativamente (ANOVA two-way seguido do teste post-hoc de Bonferroni). Na análise qualitativa observou-se que todos os sabonetes foram classificados como não citotóxicos, pois apresentaram inibição menor que 25% em relação ao grupo controle, independentemente do tempo de armazenamento. Os resultados da análise quantitativa demonstraram que não houve diferença quanto à viabilidade celular para os diferentes grupos, mas que, após 21 dias, houve diminuição da viabilidade celular em decorrência do tempo prolongado de imersão, independentemente do tipo de sabonete. ANOVA two-way e teste post-hoc de Bonferroni e LSD foram usados para análise dos resultados dos testes de propriedades mecânicas e física (α=0.05). Nos valores de rugosidade não existiu diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os grupos avaliados. O sabonete Lifebuoy® diminuiu os valores de dureza da resina, independentemente do tempo de armazenamento (p=0,003). Após 21 e 28 dias de armazenamento, houve um aumento dos valores de dureza, independentemente do tipo de sabonete utilizado. Os valores de unidades de NBS (National Bureau of Standards) ficaram entre 0,27 e 0,58 indicando alterações de cor imperceptíveis ou leves para todos os grupos, porém na analise quantitativa o sabonete Lifebuoy® produziu maior efeito na alteração de cor independentemente do tempo de armazenamento, e independente do tipo de sabonete houve um aumento da alteração da cor de acordo com o maior tempo de imersão. Concluiu-se que, de maneira geral, as soluções dos sabonetes desinfetantes não foram capazes de inibir o crescimento do biofilme, porém todos os sabonetes testados foram eficazes na redução do biofilme formado sobre a resina acrilica para bases de próteses. Todos os grupos foram classificados como não citotoxicos e não houve alteração dos valores de rugosidade para nenhum deles. Porém o sabonete Lifebuoy® alterou os valores de dureza e cor da resina acrílica, independente do tempo de armazenamento.
Chemical disinfection associated with the mechanical method has been recommended for the cleaning of partial or full dentures. Taking into consideration the drawbacks of the cleaning chemicals used for disinfection or reduction of biofilm of prostheses, such as staining, bleaching and corrosion of metal parts, further studies are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological, physical and mechanical properties of an acrylic resin for denture base (Vipi Wave®) after immersion in liquid disinfectant soaps in their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Candida albicans, after different periods of time. Samples of acrylic resin (Vipi Wave®) were made. Samples from acrylic resin (Vipi Wave®) were made and shared in groups for the assessment of the biofilm formation capacity (n=6), cytotoxicity (n=9), roughness (n=15), hardness (n=15) and color change (n=15) after immersion in the following solutions for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days: AD: immersion in distilled water at 37 ° C (control group); SD: daily immersion cycles in soap Dettol® 0.39% for 8 hours at room temperature, followed by soaking in distilled water for 16 hours at 37 ° C, simulating the night disinfection of prostheses; SP: daily immersion cycles in soap Protex® to 3.12%, as described for the previous group. SL: daily immersion cycles in Lifebuoy® in soap to 0.78%, as described for the SD group. In soap Dettol® was found the MIC of 0.39% of the soap concentration; in Protex® 3.12% and in Lifebuoy® the MIC was 0.78%. In addition, capacity of reduction of the biofilm of Candida albicans formed on the surface of samples (n = 9) immersed for 8 hours (overnight) in the solutions was also evaluated. To know the biofilm-forming capacity, there were the forming unit count tests of colonies and alamarBlue® after accession and after 24 hours of biofilm formation. The results were submitted to ANOVA (α = 0.05). For the adhesion layer, the results showed that the type of soap had a statistically significant effect on the ability of biofilm formation, but after 24 hours, both methods counting colony forming units and the alamarBlue® test, had resulted in no differences was between solutions or between storage times. For effectiveness in reducing biofilm after soaking for 8 hours in disinfectant solutions, it was evaluated the remaining biofilm by counting colony forming units. For statistical analysis, it was used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn (α = 0.05). The analysis showed a significant difference (p = 0.014) when the groups were compared amongst themselves. The immersed group in Protex® soap showed a small reduction in the biofilm compared to the control group, while the groups immersed in soap Dettol® and Lifebuoy® totally eliminated the existing biofilm on the surfaces of acrylic resins. The results of the cytotoxicity assay were qualitatively assessed (compared with the control group) and quantitatively (two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni). In qualitative analysis, it was observed that all the soaps were classified as non-cytotoxic, because they showed less than 25% of inhibition in relation to the control group, regardless of storage time. The results of quantitative analysis showed no difference in cell viability for different groups, but after 21 days, there was a decrease in cell viability as a result of prolonged immersion, regardless of the type of soap. ANOVA two-way and physical and post-hoc Bonferroni and LSD were used for analysis of the results of mechanical properties testing (α = 0.05). In the roughness values there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the groups. The Lifebuoy® soap decreased resin hardness values, regardless of the storage time (p = 0.003). After 21 and 28 days of storage, there was an increase of hardness values, regardless of the type of soap used. The values of NBS units (National Bureau of Standards) were between 0.27 and 0.58 indicating unnoticeable or light color changes for all groups, but in the quantitative analysis of the Lifebuoy® soap was produced greater effect on color change regardless of time storage, regardless of the type of soap there was an increase in color change according to the longer duration of immersion. In conclusion, generally, solutions of disinfectant soaps were not able to inhibit biofilm growth, but all tested soaps are effective at reducing the biofilm formed on the acrylic resin for denture bases. All groups were classified as non-cytotoxic and there was no change of roughness values for any group, but Lifebuoy® soap changed the hardness and color values of acrylic resin, regardless of the storage time.
Chemical disinfection associated with the mechanical method has been recommended for the cleaning of partial or full dentures. Taking into consideration the drawbacks of the cleaning chemicals used for disinfection or reduction of biofilm of prostheses, such as staining, bleaching and corrosion of metal parts, further studies are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological, physical and mechanical properties of an acrylic resin for denture base (Vipi Wave®) after immersion in liquid disinfectant soaps in their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Candida albicans, after different periods of time. Samples of acrylic resin (Vipi Wave®) were made. Samples from acrylic resin (Vipi Wave®) were made and shared in groups for the assessment of the biofilm formation capacity (n=6), cytotoxicity (n=9), roughness (n=15), hardness (n=15) and color change (n=15) after immersion in the following solutions for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days: AD: immersion in distilled water at 37 ° C (control group); SD: daily immersion cycles in soap Dettol® 0.39% for 8 hours at room temperature, followed by soaking in distilled water for 16 hours at 37 ° C, simulating the night disinfection of prostheses; SP: daily immersion cycles in soap Protex® to 3.12%, as described for the previous group. SL: daily immersion cycles in Lifebuoy® in soap to 0.78%, as described for the SD group. In soap Dettol® was found the MIC of 0.39% of the soap concentration; in Protex® 3.12% and in Lifebuoy® the MIC was 0.78%. In addition, capacity of reduction of the biofilm of Candida albicans formed on the surface of samples (n = 9) immersed for 8 hours (overnight) in the solutions was also evaluated. To know the biofilm-forming capacity, there were the forming unit count tests of colonies and alamarBlue® after accession and after 24 hours of biofilm formation. The results were submitted to ANOVA (α = 0.05). For the adhesion layer, the results showed that the type of soap had a statistically significant effect on the ability of biofilm formation, but after 24 hours, both methods counting colony forming units and the alamarBlue® test, had resulted in no differences was between solutions or between storage times. For effectiveness in reducing biofilm after soaking for 8 hours in disinfectant solutions, it was evaluated the remaining biofilm by counting colony forming units. For statistical analysis, it was used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn (α = 0.05). The analysis showed a significant difference (p = 0.014) when the groups were compared amongst themselves. The immersed group in Protex® soap showed a small reduction in the biofilm compared to the control group, while the groups immersed in soap Dettol® and Lifebuoy® totally eliminated the existing biofilm on the surfaces of acrylic resins. The results of the cytotoxicity assay were qualitatively assessed (compared with the control group) and quantitatively (two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni). In qualitative analysis, it was observed that all the soaps were classified as non-cytotoxic, because they showed less than 25% of inhibition in relation to the control group, regardless of storage time. The results of quantitative analysis showed no difference in cell viability for different groups, but after 21 days, there was a decrease in cell viability as a result of prolonged immersion, regardless of the type of soap. ANOVA two-way and physical and post-hoc Bonferroni and LSD were used for analysis of the results of mechanical properties testing (α = 0.05). In the roughness values there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the groups. The Lifebuoy® soap decreased resin hardness values, regardless of the storage time (p = 0.003). After 21 and 28 days of storage, there was an increase of hardness values, regardless of the type of soap used. The values of NBS units (National Bureau of Standards) were between 0.27 and 0.58 indicating unnoticeable or light color changes for all groups, but in the quantitative analysis of the Lifebuoy® soap was produced greater effect on color change regardless of time storage, regardless of the type of soap there was an increase in color change according to the longer duration of immersion. In conclusion, generally, solutions of disinfectant soaps were not able to inhibit biofilm growth, but all tested soaps are effective at reducing the biofilm formed on the acrylic resin for denture bases. All groups were classified as non-cytotoxic and there was no change of roughness values for any group, but Lifebuoy® soap changed the hardness and color values of acrylic resin, regardless of the storage time.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resinas acrílicas, Prótese dentária, Desinfetantes, Biofilmes, Técnicas de cultura de células, Acrylic resin, Prosthesis, Disinfectant, Biofilms, Cell culture techniques