PCBs in Sludge: Development of a Practical Extraction Procedure and Its Application in an Urban Water Resource Recovery Facility

Date

2015-02-01

Author

Kaya, Devrim
Karakas, Filiz
Sanin, Faika Dilek
İmamoğlu, İpek

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Sludges originating from water resource recovery facilities act as a sink for various contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Investigation of such pollutants provides detailed information about the pollutant burden of the region from which incoming wastewater is derived. However, the current extraction methods for PCBs in wastewater and sludge are both time- and solvent-consuming. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to develop a practical PCB extraction procedure and to monitor PCB levels in sludge originating from an urban water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Procedure applicability was shown by comparing the extraction results of certified reference materials with that of Soxhlet and by checking surrogate recovery. Diethyl ether, hexane, and hexane: acetone mixture were evaluated as the PCB extraction solvent; hexane was the most efficient solvent with the recovery results (89 to 102%) in an acceptable range of 70 to 130%. The PCB concentrations of the WRRF sludges were in the range of 3.6 +/- 0.3 to 64.4 +/- 9.3 mu g/kg dry matter.

Subject Keywords

PCBs, sludge, PCB extraction, Hexane, Land application, Seasonal variation

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/48739

Journal

WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH

DOI

https://doi.org/10.2175/106143014x13975035526022

Collections

Department of Environmental Engineering, Article

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Citation Formats

D. Kaya, F. Karakas, F. D. Sanin, and İ. İmamoğlu, “PCBs in Sludge: Development of a Practical Extraction Procedure and Its Application in an Urban Water Resource Recovery Facility,” WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, pp. 145–151, 2015, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/48739.