The role of aspirin in prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: does the dose matter?

Date

2020-09-01

Author

Kalafat, Erkan
Shirazi, Amani
Thilaganathan, Basky
Khalil, Asma

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Objective The use of aspirin in twin pregnancies for the prevention of preeclampsia is a controversial topic, and evidence on the required dose of aspirin is scarce. We aimed to assess the efficacy of 75 mg/day vs 150 mg/day aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies managed at St George’s University Hospital between 2012 and 2019. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline published in 2010 has recommended low-dose aspirin to women at high risk of preeclampsia.1 Monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies were included in the cohort. Pregnancies between 2010 and 2012 were excluded to ensure thorough implementation of the national guideline. High-order multifetal gestations and pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies also were excluded. Twin pregnancies with any of these risk factors (hypertension in a previous pregnancy, chronic hypertension, renal disease, autoimmune disorder, diabetes, nulliparity, maternal age >40 years, pregnancy interval >10 years, body mass index >35 kg/m2, or family history of preeclampsia) as per the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline were started on aspirin.1 The aspirin dose was changed from 75 mg/day to 150 mg/day after 2017, following reports of effective prevention of preeclampsia using aspirin 150 mg/day.2, 3, 4 The main outcome was preeclampsia diagnosed according to International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy guideline.5 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) included preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. Results There were 630 pregnancies in the cohort; 404 received aspirin (108 received 150 mg/day and 296 received 75 mg/day), whereas 226 did not. There were 28 (4.4%) cases of preeclampsia and 47 (7.5%) cases of HDP in the cohort. No significant differences in maternal age (P=.510), nulliparity (P=.945), and chorionicity (P=.700) were observed between the 75 mg/day and 150 mg/day aspirin groups. The incidence of preeclampsia was similar between the aspirin 150 mg/day and no aspirin groups (1.8% vs 3.1%, P=.510). However, there was a trend toward a significant decrease in preeclampsia in those receiving aspirin 150 mg/day compared with 75 mg/day (1.8% vs 6.4%, P=.067). There were no statistically significant differences between aspirin 150 mg/day and the no aspirin groups regarding the incidence of HDP (1.8% vs 5.3%, P=.140), but the incidence of HDP was significantly lower in aspirin 150 mg/day group compared with the 75 mg/day group (1.8% vs 11.1%, P=.003) (Figure 1). The incidence of HDP was significantly greater in the aspirin 75 mg/day group compared with no aspirin (11.1% vs 5.3%, P=.018). We investigated the association of aspirin dose with HDP in a multivariable logistic regression model after adjusting for maternal age in years, chorionicity, and smoking during pregnancy. The reference group was the low-risk twin pregnancies who did not receive aspirin. The direction of the association changed from a significant increase in HDP (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–4.18; P=.048) to a nonsignificant decrease (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–1.16; P=.127) when the aspirin dose was increased from 75 mg/day to 150 mg/day. The incidence of preeclampsia (right) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia or gestational hypertension) (left) in women with twin pregnancies who received 150 mg/day vs 75 mg/day and no aspirin. The P values were calculated with the χ2 test. HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; PE, preeclampsia. Kalafat. The role of aspirin in prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: does the dose matter? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. Conclusion The incidence of hypertensive disorders in twin pregnancies with additional risk factors for preeclampsia was significantly lower in those receiving aspirin 150 mg/day compared with 75 mg/day.

Subject Keywords

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67371

Journal

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.005

Collections

Department of Statistics, Article

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Citation Formats

E. Kalafat, A. Shirazi, B. Thilaganathan, and A. Khalil, “The role of aspirin in prevention of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies: does the dose matter?,” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, pp. 457–458, 2020, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11511/67371.