Black Holes and Loose Connections in The Global Urban Network.
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Date
2002-02-27
2012-12-13
2012-12-13
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School of Public Policy
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Citation of Original Publication
Short, John Rennie. (2004)" Black Holes and Loose Connections in the Global Urban Network." Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network. 27 Feb. 2002. 6 Dec. 2012 <http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb76.html>.
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This item may be protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. It is made available by UMBC for non-commercial research and education. For permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the author.
Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of black holes and loose connections in the global urban hierarchy. Black holes are defined as large cities, with a population of over 3 million that are not classified as world cities. The paper draws upon a classification that uses advanced producer services as an indicator of world city status. Large, non-world cities are identified and provisional ideas about explaining their position are outlined. Connectivity and population data are used in a simple regression analysis to identify loose connections: cities whose connectivity is less than that predicted by their population.