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Abstract (summary): The purpose of this research was to develop Brazilian-Portuguese versions of two observational instruments used in the assessment of early parenting, namely Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO; Roggman et al., 2013a) and the Cognitive Sensitivity scale (CS; Prime et al., 2015a). The first phase involved cross-cultural adaptation of the original instruments. The second phase included evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Portuguese versions of those instruments (PICCOLO-BR and CS-BR). A subsample of 156 mother-child (18-m) dyads drawn from the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, the largest study of its kind in Latin America, were enrolled. Cross-cultural adaptation followed seven-step guidelines. Translation syntheses were tested for content validity by various participants in the process, including expert reviewers, while back translations were based on final versions and submitted to author approval. For validation purposes, the adapted instruments were tested for evidence of reliability and validity. Reliability studies confirmed acceptable levels of inter-rater agreement (PICCOLO: weighted Kappa = .40; percent agreement = 67%; CS: r = .83), intra-rater reliability (PICCOLO: weighted Kappa = .57; percent agreement = 79%; CS: r = .94) and excellent internal consistency of global scales (α = .94 for PICCOLO and CS). For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and the same original structure was confirmed for the adapted versions. External validity was tested in relation to other measures for convergent and discriminant validity. Correlation analyses between the PICCOLO-BR and the CS-BR were moderately strong (r = .44 for scale scores; p