Arbil.2.3.32478: 2012-09-29 https://hdl.handle.net/1839/314edf5f-4999-4e04-99ac-65212e015d99 clarin.eu:cr1:p_1407745712035 DoBeS archive : Bakola Resource https://hdl.handle.net/1839/00-0000-0000-0016-4657-0 Resource https://hdl.handle.net/1839/00-0000-0000-001A-9CB1-E Resource https://hdl.handle.net/1839/00-0000-0000-001A-9CB0-8 LandingPage https://archive.mpi.nl/islandora/object/tla%3A1839_00_0000_0000_0017_F1AC_5#?pid=hdl%3A1839%2F314edf5f-4999-4e04-99ac-65212e015d99 NAME:imdi2cmdi.xslt DATE:2016-09-09T16:21:03.381+02:00. Interviews 1 Namikoumbi About tourists who visit Namikoumbi 2011-05-17 Africa Cameroon Namikoumbi village, on the Lobe river Bagyeli/Bakola A documentation of the Bagyeli/Bakola forest foragers of Cameroon Nadine Grimm nadine.grimm@rochester.edu University of Rochester, USA Summary of deposit This corpus constitutes a rich and diverse multimedia collection of Gyeli/Kola language use, centering around culturally relevant activities of Central African “Pygmy” forest foragers in Cameroon. It includes a wide variety of text genres, such as natural conversations, procedural texts, folk narratives, interviews, music and dance, and elicitation and experimental data. The collection encompasses video and audio recordings of diverse topics and everyday situations of language use, for instance hunting, building traps and traditional huts in the rain forest, collecting wild honey, skinning and preparing hunted animals, making musical instruments, traditional music and dances, healing ceremonies, and conversations about changes in the environment and lifestyle. Data was collected in 2010-2014 by Daniel Duke (PhD student at Leiden University), Nadine Grimm (née Borchardt, PhD student at Humboldt Universität zu Berlin at the time), Maarten Mous (PI, Leiden University), Emmanuel Ngue Um (Researcher, Université de Yaoundé I), and Christopher Lorenz (student of image composition and cinematography at the Film Academy Baden-Württemberg at the time). The team concentrated on different Gyeli/Kola dialects that emerge through contact with different neighboring languages: - Daniel Duke: Gyeli dialect in the Kwasio contact zone - Nadine Grimm: Gyeli dialect in the Bulu contact zone - Emmanuel Ngue Um: Kola dialect in the Basaa contact zone Christopher Lorenz supported video recordings in all contact zones in his role as cameraman. Gyeli/Kola language and speech community The Gyeli language [ISO 639-3: gyi], also known under the name Bakola and many other spelling varieties such as Bagyele, Bajele, Gyele, Bogyiel, or Bagieli, is a Narrow Bantu (A801) language of the Makaa-Njem group (Gordon 2005, Maho 2009) in southern Cameroon. Speakers call themselves and their language Bakola in the northern part of the language area and Bagyeli in the central and southern part. Following Bantuist traditions, we refer to the people as Bagyeli and Bakola (depending on where the data was collected), dropping the Ba- prefix when we talk about the language Gyeli or Kola. Estimations of the Bagyeli/Bakola population vary from 2,200 (Renaud 1976 :28) to 5,000 (Ngima 2001:215). Although they speak a Bantu language, they are not Bantu ethnically, but "Pygmy" forest foragers who have lived in symbiosis with sedentary Bantu-speaking communities over a long period of time. The Gyeli/Kola language as it is now spoken is closely related to Kwasio with its two dialects Mabi and Ngumba (also A80), the language of their former patrons. The Gyeli/Kola speaking area extends over approximately 12,500 square kilometers (4,800 square miles) in southern Cameroon which the hunter-gatherers share with Kwasio and communities of seven other Bantu A languages whose speakers are culturally different in their subsistence strategies of farming and fishing: Batanga and Yassa (A30), Basaa and Bakoko (A40), and Bulu, Fang, and Ewondo (A70). As everybody in the area, speakers are multilingual and easily master around five languages. Which languages an individual is fluent in depends on the specific areas they have grown up and lived in and that, in turn, mostly depends on family relations and personal relations with the farming Bantu neighbors. The Bagyeli/Bakola have spoken a distinct language variety that is not mutually intelligible with any of the other neighboring Bantu languages for centuries, presumably since the Bantu migration (Bahuchet 2012). Now, however, they are shifting to the languages of their Bantu neighbors as a consequence of massive changes in their environment. In 2015, central Africa's largest deep-sea port was inaugurated off the shore where the Bagyeli/Bakola live, following the construction of an oil pipeline from Chad that cuts through the rainforest. This industrial development and related extension of infrastructure leads to a rapid deforestation. As the hunter-gatherers do not find enough animals in the forest anymore, they are forced to adopt low scale farming activities or day labor in rubber and palm oil plantations or in town. This shift in subsistence strategies also entails a shift in language since the Bagyeli/Bakola have closer contact with other Bantu groups now, share activities with them that they had not shared before. Also, the Gyeli/Kola language is of low prestige as it is associated with a backward lifestyle and a lack of education, reflecting the overall low social and economic status of the “Pygmy” hunter-gatherers in Cameroonian society. Discourse Interview Unspecified speech Unspecified interactive spontaneous elicited Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Mbpong Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Male Unspecified Unspecified ~30 Gyele, Kwasio ISO639-3:gyi Gyeli true true Bakola/Bagyeli/Gyeli is used in everyday conversation in in-group communication. It is very close to the genealogically closely related language Kwasio with its dialects Mabi and Mvoumbo and is, in careful speech, intelligible. ISO639-3:nmg Kwasio true false Kwasio is the major language in the coastal area and the closest relative of the Gyeli language. Kwasio is spoken in communication between Kwasio farmers and Bagyeli hunter-gatherers. Unspecified Cecile Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Female Unspecified Unspecified ~22 Gyele, Kwasio ISO639-3:gyi Gyeli true true Bakola/Bagyeli/Gyeli is used in everyday conversation in in-group communication. It is very close to the genealogically closely related language Kwasio with its dialects Mabi and Mvoumbo and is, in careful speech, intelligible. Unspecified Léa Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Female Unspecified Unspecified ~30 ISO639-3:gyi Gyeli true true Bakola/Bagyeli/Gyeli is used in everyday conversation in in-group communication. It is very close to the genealogically closely related language Kwasio with its dialects Mabi and Mvoumbo and is, in careful speech, intelligible. Unspecified Lène Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Female Unspecified Unspecified ~60 Gyele, Kwasio ISO639-3:gyi Gyeli true true Bakola/Bagyeli/Gyeli is used in everyday conversation in in-group communication. It is very close to the genealogically closely related language Kwasio with its dialects Mabi and Mvoumbo and is, in careful speech, intelligible. Interpreter Francois Djiedjhie Francois DF Unspecified Mabi (Kwasio) Unspecified Male fisher man true 45 Francois helps as interpreter in the coastal area both in Bibira and Lebdjom. At the same time, he serves as a motorbike driver and cook and takes care of Bagyeli visitors when they are in Kribi. ISO639-3:nmg Kwasio true false Kwasio is the major language in the coastal area and the closest relative of the Gyeli language. Kwasio is spoken in communication between Kwasio farmers and Bagyeli hunter-gatherers. ISO639-3:fra French false false French is used in communication with foreigners who don't know Kwasio, such as the DoBeS team members. Collector Nadine Nadine Grimm (née Borchardt) NB Unspecified German 1982-01-28 Female PhD student in linguistics true 28 3 8 Nadine Grimm nadine.grimm@rochester.edu University of Rochester Nadine is a linguist in the DoBeS project documenting Kola/Gyeli. ISO639-3:eng English false Unspecified English is used as primary language in the DoBeS team. ISO639-3:fra French false Unspecified French is used as primary language with farming communities in the area. ISO639-3:deu German true Unspecified German is only used as means of communication between NB and CL, the cinematographer. Cinematographer Christopher Christopher Lorenz CL Unspecified German 1982-06-28 Male film academy true 27 10 8 ISO639-3:deu German true true Use of German in the team between CL and NB. ISO639-3:eng English false false English as general means of communication between project members. ISO639-3:fra French false false French is used for communication with local Bantu farmers and fishermen and interpreters. Interpreter Severin Nouangama Yigui Severin SNY Unspecified Ngumba Unspecified Male linguistic training, higher education true 45 SNY serves as interpreter and transcription helper in the Bakola team. He got some linguistic training from SIL and used to work with DD for several years as a language helper. ISO639-3:nmg Kwasio true true Kwasio is, just as Gyeli, a Bantu A80 language and the closest relative to the Pygmy language. It has two dialects: Mabi (spoken at the coast) and Ngumba/Mvoumbo (spoken along the road inland between Kribi and Lolodorf). Kwasio is the main language used in communication with the Gyeli speakers since they do not speak French or English, but they do understand the language of their farming neighbors, who, in turn, speak French with the linguists. ISO639-3:eng English false false English serves as a lingua franca of educated people. It is a sign of higher education since usually people only learn French in this part of Cameroon. ISO639-3:fra French false false French is the main lingua franca of the area and most farmers and fisher men speak the language. It is the language taught at school. ISO639-3:bum Bulu false false Bulu is a Bantu A70 language and one of the languages Bagyeli is in contact with. video video/x-mpeg2 1321 MB Unspecified Good. Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Annotation Unspecified application/pdf 30 KB Translation Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Annotation Unspecified application/pdf 48 KB Translation Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified