O cidadão como sujeito de governo: planejamento e gestão pública compartilhada na Bacia do rio Caraiva

Abstract

It is only a citizen the one that effectively governs. The revitalization of the Aristotelian definition leads this investigation about viability of autonomy in processes of shared public administration. It accompanies the implementation of a citizenship chain for administration of the Caraíva river basin, in the Atlantic Forest Central Corridor, in extreme south of the state of Bahia, concomitant to a reflection about the republican form of government. The inadequacy of the modern ways of planning and administration (or types of government) demands a more profound judgment than the innocuous debate between models. The identification of a same illegitimacy in them leads the search of a common root to all, presumed in the structure of the scientific method, especially in what is characterized as heteronomy. The hypothesis of common identity of the modern paradigm of science and government would allow the application of the epistemological judgment to the supposed science of planning and administration. After identification of three founding attitudes of modern heteronomy (distancing and differing between subject and object; rupture and contempt regarding the common sense; corporative disciplinary fragmentation), it is sought the reversion of the double usurpation of the citizens power by science (the authorship of plans and the authority in administration), relocating the legitimate government subject in its position by right. The possibility of consensus is defended as requisite for exercise of the self-government, in the non-competitive form of the complementary direct democracy, in cooperation with the legitimate representative instances. The inexistence of a place for consensus in politics, which would correspond to the logical impossibility of existence of the public interest, would jeopardize the effective revelation of the autonomy, but a small constellation of methods, in the wrong way of the modern lane, points to another direction. To empowerment as a mean to an end that would be superior, is opposed to the empowerment as an end in itself, which presupposes the previous existence of the original power of the citizen. The principle of self-foundation for social mobilization works as a shortcut for the revelation of this immanent power. The Participatory Action-research indicates paths for the citizen as subject of knowledge, propitiating the appropriation of scientific instruments by local agents. The proposal of leveling harvests seeds from these means to sow a praxis that integrates local and external competences in a multi-protagonist government net. The intention of simultaneity between action and reflection directed the application of knowledge investigated in the experiment of shared public planning and administration in the basin. There, a common wish, within citizens of different cultures, gathered in an original place, revealed itself as obvious consensual public interest: to replace the native forests for protection of the waters of the river Caraíva. The confluence of wills and knowledge (knowledge of the environment and of the rural owners by locals agents, geo-processing, scientific models of environmental recovery and social mobilization) propitiated the planning of an ecological mini-corridor, besides the experimental plantings of native forests in private farms of the basin, between the National Parks of Monte Pascoal and Pau Brasil, patrimonies of the humanity. Exciting initial results may in the future be converted into evidence of the viability of shared public administration processes led by local citizens. It is also expected the consolidation of specific ways of republican administration based on the revealed consensus.