In March 2015, near the close of the Health Insurance Marketplace’s second open enrollment period, we surveyed adult Texans ages 18 to 64 to understand who remained uninsured and why, and to identify the differences, if any, in the characteristics of the uninsured population before the opening of the Marketplace in September 2013, and March 2015. Our survey indicates that the 16.9% of adult Texans who remain uninsured are more likely to be Hispanic, middle aged, low income and without a college degree. This corresponds with the pre-Marketplace data which indicated that these same groups were more likely to uninsured in 2013. The majority (57.1%) of the remaining uninsured cited costs as the biggest factor in their lack of insurance, and also reported that the prospect of a fine was not an important consideration to them.