Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Least squares adjustment computer programs for horizontal and vertical positions

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  • The application of the least squares adjustment techniques to the area of surveying has been considered and two computer programs called HCONTRL and VCONTRL are developed for horizontal and vertical control respectively. The principle of least squares is discussed in chapter II. The observation and condition equations are compared and the observation equations technique is applied in the programs. The general forms of the observation equations for distance and angle (or direction) are derived in chapter III. The solution and the precision of the solution from the least squares adjustment technique are also discussed. A brief discussions on future systems; the satellite positioning, the inertial positioning, and the non-classical method, are included in chapter III. In chapter IV, the development and the procedures to be used in using the computer program HCONTRL are discussed. The least squares application to the various techniques of the horizontal position control; traverse, intersection, resection, triangulation, trilateration, and combined networks, are described in chapter V. The theory of vertical position control is discussed in chapter VI where techniques of direct leveling and trig leveling are described. This chapter also includes a brief description on; gravimetric leveling, barometric leveling, hydrostatic leveling, tacheometric leveling, satellite altimetry, and steric leveling. The development and procedures of the computer program VCONTRL, to adjust the direct leveling and the trig leveling by the least squares technique are discussed in chapter VII. The application of the least squares to the direct leveling and the trig leveling is given in chapter VIII. In chapter IX, practicality of the least squares adjustment is considered. The summary and conclusions are in chapter X. Appendix I consists of the numerical examples of the least squares adjustment of the various techniques in the horizontal position control by the computer program HCONTRL. The numerical examples of direct leveling and trig leveling by the computer program VCONTRL are given in Appendix II. A numerical example of the gravimetric leveling computation to find the geopotential numbers is also presented in Appendix II. Appendix III contains the complete listings of the computer programs HCONTRL and VCONTRL.
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