Novel Probiotics for Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis was to select beneficial bacteria from the chicken intestinal tract and to screen them for their potential probiotic characteristics in order to use them against pathogenic bacteria, such as 'C. perfringens' and 'Salmonella'. Five experiments (Chapters 3-7) were conducted and out of four potential probiotic candidates, 'L. johnsonii' was eventually selected as a model organism and its effects on bird performance, gut microflora, gut morphology, and antibiotic effect were examined. Throughout this thesis, Cobb, male broilers were used. Each experimental chapter has been presented as a stand-alone paper, thus, this summary will only give an overview of the key findings of the thesis. Chapter 1 briefly describes the background information and justified the importance of research in the topic of interest, leading to the major hypothesis and objectives for conducting the five experiment contained in the thesis. Chapter 2, the literature review, covers the use of probiotics in poultry production, focusing on their modes of action and properties, and their potential as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. In Chapter 3, four probiotic isolates were selected from 235 lactobacillus isolates of poultry origin using an antagonistic test against 'C. perfringens', 'E. coli' and 'S. sofia'. Quantitative and qualitative measurements revealed that these four candidates, 'L. johnsonii', 'L. crispatus', 'L. salivarius' and one unidentified 'L.' sp., were antagonistic towards 'C. perfringens', 'E. coli' and 'S. sofia' in vitro and were able to survive in feed for 7 days, in water and litter for more than 24 hours under practical production conditions. Chapter 4 presents data the efficacy of delivering 'L. johnsonii', 'L. crispatus', 'L. salivarius' and an unidentified 'Lactobacillus' sp. via feed in manipulating gut microflora environment and production performance was investigated. Results showed that none of the four candidates improved bird performance but they increased the small intestinal weight and tended to reduce the number of enterobacteria in the ileum. Among the four candidates, 'L. johnsonii' was the best in its effects on gut development and gut microflora, thus it alone was to be used in subsequent studies.