CityU Scholarly Work (Open Access)
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Contains open access scholarly work from City University of Seattle students, faculty, and staff.
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Item Stress Management for Counsellors and the Different Interventions to Manage Stress(2024-03) Skeik, BaselThe importance of developing stress management and self-care techniques is important for counsellors and health practitioners alike. We must learn to find balance in both our personal and professional lives and tune into our emotions in order to continue working long into our careers as therapists. My intent with this capstone project is to explore the root of stress and the different interventions that could be used to understand and treat it. Different theories and models will be explored to understand the root of stress and how to approach it effectively. This capstone will offer a proactive approach to stress management. My research focuses on the following subject areas; 1. The symptoms and signs of burnout to spot it before it’s too late; 2. Self-care practices and techniques; 3. The contributors to increased stress levels both professionally and personally; 4. Current tools counsellors can learn and use to navigate their burnout or stress. I will work towards those goals by researching a variety of theoretical perspectives, their benefits, and limitations, and comparing them to current strategies. By critiquing those theories and their interventions, I aim to create a set of recommendations for counsellors dealing with the stressors of their work environment.Item Emotionally Focused Therapy With Couples Impacted by Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(2024-04) Tillyer, JustinRelationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (ROCD) is a relatively-novel and unknown theme of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) marked by obsessions and compulsions focused upon important figures in sufferers' lives as well as their relationships with them. Despite the documented impacts of this condition on sufferers, their romantic partners, and their relationships with one another, recommendations for its treatment have focused almost exclusively on the mitigation of the former’s symptoms. Accordingly, this capstone research project aims to improve therapists' awarenesses and understandings of ROCD and, thus, their abilities to treat this condition by reviewing the literature on its symptoms, epidemiology, etiology, impacts, and treatment. Additionally, it attempts to enhance couples therapists' abilities to support clients impacted by ROCD by providing an overview of the literature on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) as well as recommendations for how this modality might best be conducted with this population. Such recommendations include the use of EFT as an adjunct to individual ROCD treatment and specific ways in which practitioners might leverage knowledge of this disorder as they conduct assessment, establish the therapeutic alliance, and consult on process with clients, as well as mitigate potential issues of symptom contagion and accommodation.Item Psychotherapy Through an Attachment-Informed Lens: How to Work with Individuals to Move Towards Secure Attachment(2023-06-14) Ketch, KylaAttachment theory proposes that human patterns of attachment develop as a result of caregiver attentiveness during childhood. Depending on the quality of parental care during the formative years, a child may develop a secure or insecure attachment style, which subsequently informs and influences relationships, both interpersonal and to the self. The impacts of an insecure attachment style can have long-term and even intergenerational negative effects on relational and general well-being and can be predictive of addiction, depression, externalizing problems, psychological dysregulation, chronic pain, neuroticism, and suicidal thoughts. This capstone evaluates existing literature to determine to what extent psychotherapy may be utilized to help adult clients move towards more secure attachment. This capstone concludes that attachment style can be altered consciously and subconsciously throughout the lifespan and that secure attachment can be increased through therapy using approaches that lend themselves to self reflection, self-compassion, and secure attachment priming techniques.Item Therapeutic Sound: Establishing Safety, Regulation, and Attachment in Adults With Developmental Trauma(2024-04-16) Fox-Smith, MelanieThis comprehensive research analysis explores the intricate relationship between developmental trauma (DT), psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), attachment theory, and the application of therapeutic sound to address the outcomes of early life adversity. Highlighting trauma’s impact on the nervous system, it traces the evolution of our understanding of psychological trauma as neurobiological injuries that profoundly affect physical and mental health. It highlights the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) study, emphasizing the pathophysiological adaptations from early ongoing and unresolvable stress. Advocating a holistic approach to counselling, this paper highlights innovative therapeutic interventions that include the nervous system in treatment planning, while working to support the client’s sense of safety, security, and capacity for healthy relationships. Informed by research in PNI and social neurobiology, theory on therapeutic sound guides how to support nervous system regulation and promote healing of neurophysiological injuries resulting from trauma. This capstone research project broadens the scope of interventions available to counsellors and psychotherapists working with DT and opens avenues for future research in social neurobiology and the therapeutic potentials of sound. It calls for a paradigm shift towards a more integrative, client-oriented approach that centers on the biological underpinnings of trauma, with a focus on fostering resilience and well-being for adults who have experienced early life adversity.Item Silent Suffering: The Gender Disparity in ADHD Diagnosis and Its Mental Health Implications for Females(2024-04) Lowey, Christy-AnnAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has historically been understood through the lens of research primarily focused on males, owing to the externalized symptomatic presentation commonly associated with the condition. Diagnosis and treatment protocols for ADHD have largely evolved from studies predominantly involving male participants. However, there is a growing recognition of the need to understand how ADHD manifests in females. Beyond the commonly explored symptoms, such as inattention and hyperactivity, a nuanced examination reveals a profound impact of emotional dysregulation, particularly among women. The ability to emotionally regulate is often cited in the literature as the most impairing deficit associated with ADHD that prolongs throughout the lifespan for both males and females. This underexplored area emphasizes a narrative of underrecognition and while suggesting a potential for further research within the domain of mental health. This paper reviews the nuanced relationship between ADHD, emotional regulation, and associated factors such as rejection sensitivity and the autonomic nervous system. While drawing on polyvagal theory to provide a framework into the ADHD presentation in females, suggesting a need for internal safety.