Tip 1 diyabetli çocuk ve ergenler ile sağlıklı çocuk ve ergenlerin benlik kavramı düzeylerinin ve stresle başa çıkma yollarının incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
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Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Diabetes Mellitus, günümüzün en önemli sağlık problemlerinden biridir. Tip 1 (insüline bağımlı) Diabetes Mellitus, diyabetin çocuk ve ergenlerde en sık görülen tipidir. Hastalığın %95'i, 25 yaşın altında ortaya çıkmaktadır ve ergenlik döneminde zirveye ulaşmaktadır. Tip 1 diyabet vücutta insülin hormonun mutlak eksikliği ve buna bağlı ani kan şekeri yüksekliği ile karakterize olup, iyi tedavi edilmediği zaman göz, kalp ve böbrekler gibi organlarda ciddi hasar oluşturabilmektedir. Diyabetli çocuk ve ergenler, tüm yaşamları boyunca enjeksiyon yoluyla insülin almak, düzenli olarak özel bir diyet ve egzersiz yapmak zorundadırlar. Buradan yola çıkarak, bu çalışmada, Tip 1 diyabeti olan çocuk ve ergenlerin benlik kavramları ve stresle başa çıkma yollarını incelemek ve diyabetli olmayan aynı yaş grubundaki akranlarının benlik kavramları ve stresle başa çıkma yolları ile karşılaştırılmasının yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmaya, İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Büyüme-Gelişme ve Endokrinoloji Bilim Dalından, tip 1 diyabetli 61 çocuk ile ergen ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı devlet okullarından araştırmanın kontrol grubunu oluşturan 54 çocuk ve ergen katılmıştır. Araştırmada, Benlik Kavramı Ölçeği, Stresle Baş Etme Yolları Ölçeği ve Demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi yapılarak diyabetli olan grup ile sağlıklı gruplarda Stresle Baş Etme Yollarının Benlik Kavramını ne denli yordadığı araştırılmıştır. Diyabetli olan grubun genel olarak duygusal odaklı (pasif) stresle başa çıkma yollarını kullandıkları, buna karşın kontrol grubunun aktif (problem odaklı) başa çıkma yollarına başvurdukları tespit edilmiştir. Diyabetli olan grubun kaygı benlik kavramının diyabetli olmayan gruba oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diyabetli olan grubun diyabet süresine göre benlik kavramları incelendiğinde, kaygı değişkeni bakımından anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Diyabet süresi kısa olanlarda ve 11-15 yıl arası olanlarda kaygı,6-10 yıl diyabetli olanlara oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Eğitim durumuna göre stresle başa çıkma özelliklerini incelediğimizde eğitim durumu arttıkça aktif baş etme yollarının kullanımı artmaktadır. Cinsiyete göre benlik kavramını incelediğimizde ise kaygı benlik kavramının erkeklere oranla kızlarda daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diyabet yaşına göre benlik kavramı ilişkisi incelendiğinde, zihinsel durum benlik kavramı 5 yaş ve öncesinde tanı alanların, 12 yaş ve sonrasında tanı alanlardan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyo ekonomik durum değişkenine göre benlik kavramı ve stresle başa çıkma özellikleri incelendiğinde, diyabetli olan grupta anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamazken, sağlıklı olan grupta sosyo ekonomik düzey düştükçe kaygı benlik kavramının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ailesinde diyabet olma durumuna göre benlik kavramları incelendiğinde, ailesinde diyabet olanların zihinsel durum benlik kavramı ailesinde diyabet olmayanlardan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak; Tip 1 diyabetin yaşam boyu süren kronik bir hastalık olması, günlük beslenmede özellikle karbonhidrat ve tatlı gibi yiyeceklerde sınırlamalar olması, günde dört yada beş kez insülin enjeksiyon zorunluluğu ciddi organ hasarları gelişim olasılığı nedeniyle geleceğe yönelik korku ve endişeler ve buna benzer zorunlulukların oluşumu nedeniyle kişide psikolojik sorunlar ve uyum problemleri oluşturduğu, bu problemlerin diyabet başlangıç yaşı, diyabet süresi ve cinsiyetle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most important health issues in today's world. Type 1 (insulin-dependent) DM is a type of diabetes that is most frequently seen in children and adolescents. Ninety-five percent of cases of diabetes appear in individuals under the age of 25, this statistic peaking at adolescence. Type 1diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of the insulin in the body and related heightened blood glucose. When the disease is not treated, it can lead to severe damage of organs such as the eyes, heart and kidneys. Diabetic children and adolescents must take injections of insulin throughout their lifetime, as well as maintain a regime of a tailored diet and regular exercise. In this context, the goal of this study was to examine the feelings of self-esteem of Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents as well as their coping styles in the face of stress, and to compare these with the self-esteem and coping styles of peers in the same age group. The study was conducted with 61 Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents at the Istanbul University Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic, and a control group of 54 children and adolescents from public schools operating under the Ministry of National Education. The Self-esteem Scale, the Stress Coping Style Scale and a demographic questionnaire were used in the research. Regression analysis was performed to predict how Stress Coping Styles affected Self-esteem in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. It was found that in the face of stress, the diabetic group generally used a emotionally based (passive) coping style while the control group used a problem-solving (active) coping style. The diabetic group's feelings of anxiety were higher than those of the non-diabetic group. When the self-esteem of the diabetic group was examined in terms of the duration of the disease, it was found that there were significant differences in terms of the anxiety variable. In individuals with a short history of diabetes, anxiety was more pronounced in those with histories of 11-15 years compared to those with histories of 6-10 years. When stress coping styles were examined in terms of education, it was found that as the level of education rose, the use of active coping styles increased. In an examination of self-esteem in terms of gender, it was seen that feelings of anxiety were at a higher level in girls compared to boys. Looking into self-esteem in terms of the age the disease was diagnosed, it was found that the mental sense of self-esteem was significantly higher in individuals who were diagnosed at the age of 5 or before compared to those who had been diagnosed at the age of 12 or after. When self-esteem was analyzed with reference to a family history of diabetes, it was found that the mental sense of self-esteem in those with a family history of diabetes was significantly higher than in those without a family history of the disease. In conclusion, because Type 1 diabetes is a chronic lifetime disease, bringing with it restrictions in daily eating habits as concerns carbohydrates and sweets, the requirement of insulin injections four or five times a day, anxieties and worries about the future due to the potential danger of developing serious organ damage, individuals are confronted with psychological issues and problems of adaptation. It is believed that there is an association between these problems and the age of onset of the disease, its duration and the gender of the patient.
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most important health issues in today's world. Type 1 (insulin-dependent) DM is a type of diabetes that is most frequently seen in children and adolescents. Ninety-five percent of cases of diabetes appear in individuals under the age of 25, this statistic peaking at adolescence. Type 1diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of the insulin in the body and related heightened blood glucose. When the disease is not treated, it can lead to severe damage of organs such as the eyes, heart and kidneys. Diabetic children and adolescents must take injections of insulin throughout their lifetime, as well as maintain a regime of a tailored diet and regular exercise. In this context, the goal of this study was to examine the feelings of self-esteem of Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents as well as their coping styles in the face of stress, and to compare these with the self-esteem and coping styles of peers in the same age group. The study was conducted with 61 Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents at the Istanbul University Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic, and a control group of 54 children and adolescents from public schools operating under the Ministry of National Education. The Self-esteem Scale, the Stress Coping Style Scale and a demographic questionnaire were used in the research. Regression analysis was performed to predict how Stress Coping Styles affected Self-esteem in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. It was found that in the face of stress, the diabetic group generally used a emotionally based (passive) coping style while the control group used a problem-solving (active) coping style. The diabetic group's feelings of anxiety were higher than those of the non-diabetic group. When the self-esteem of the diabetic group was examined in terms of the duration of the disease, it was found that there were significant differences in terms of the anxiety variable. In individuals with a short history of diabetes, anxiety was more pronounced in those with histories of 11-15 years compared to those with histories of 6-10 years. When stress coping styles were examined in terms of education, it was found that as the level of education rose, the use of active coping styles increased. In an examination of self-esteem in terms of gender, it was seen that feelings of anxiety were at a higher level in girls compared to boys. Looking into self-esteem in terms of the age the disease was diagnosed, it was found that the mental sense of self-esteem was significantly higher in individuals who were diagnosed at the age of 5 or before compared to those who had been diagnosed at the age of 12 or after. When self-esteem was analyzed with reference to a family history of diabetes, it was found that the mental sense of self-esteem in those with a family history of diabetes was significantly higher than in those without a family history of the disease. In conclusion, because Type 1 diabetes is a chronic lifetime disease, bringing with it restrictions in daily eating habits as concerns carbohydrates and sweets, the requirement of insulin injections four or five times a day, anxieties and worries about the future due to the potential danger of developing serious organ damage, individuals are confronted with psychological issues and problems of adaptation. It is believed that there is an association between these problems and the age of onset of the disease, its duration and the gender of the patient.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Benlik kavramı, Stresle başa çıkma, Tip 1 diabetes mellitus
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Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Erdem, A. (2013). Tip 1 diyabetli çocuk ve ergenler ile sağlıklı çocuk ve ergenlerin benlik kavramı düzeylerinin ve stresle başa çıkma yollarının incelenmesi / Study of self esteem and coping style in children and adolescent wi̇th and wi̇thout type 1 di̇abetes (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
