Caracterización de los pacientes con discapacidad motriz de origen Osteomuscular que son atendidos mediante una plataforma de telerehabilitación para la intervención fisioterapéutica en una IPS de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Ávila-Barrios, Cristian
Martínez-Barrios, Caroline
Mercado-Ortiz, Ginnarys
Valencia-Fontalvo, Patricia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La discapacidad es una condición que puede alterar el estado físico, mental, psicológico y social, afectando la calidad de vida y funcionalidad, generando consigo necesidades distintas a las de una población regular. El uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) ha sido una herramienta de utilidad en el campo de la rehabilitación dentro de la práctica fisioterapéutica, siendo empleada para el mejoramiento de la funcionalidad.
Objetivos: Caracterizar a los pacientes con discapacidad motriz de origen osteomuscular que son atendidos mediante una plataforma de telerehabilitación para la intervención fisioterapéutica en una IPS de Barranquilla.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que se llevó a cabo en pacientes con discapacidad motriz de origen osteomuscular transitoria que asistieron a una IPS de Barranquilla. Se seleccionó por conveniencia, de los usuarios que acudian al servicio de rehabilitación entre agosto-noviembre de 2018, y que cumplían con las características de inclusión. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, acceso a dispositivo tecnológico y a internet; funciones corporales, y el uso de la plataforma tecnológica. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante el software SPSSS versión 24 con licencia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. El proyecto se circunscribe al macroproyecto de investigación avalado y financiado por Colciencias según convocatoria 709 de 2015.
Resultados: El 50% eran beneficiarios del sistema de seguridad social en salud, y el otro 50% eran del grupo cotizante; en nivel educativo un 50% eran bachilleres y un 50% tenían formación profesional, contando con acceso a internet, tv y pc hogar el 100% de los participantes. En las características clínicas de los usuarios de telerehabilitación que participaron en el estudio, se encontró que el 50% presentaba escoliosis como diagnóstico médico, con relación al IMC un 66,7% presentaban un peso inferior al normal. El 83,3% de los participantes presentaron
un ROM y desempeño muscular derecho bueno, mientras que un 16,7% lo tuvo limitado o con presencia de déficit, respectivamente, en la evaluación postural del plano lateral izquierdo el 50% de los participantes presentaban anteversion pélvica, en el plano lateral derecho se halló en un 33,3% antepulsión de hombro, desbalance pélvico y anteversion pélvica, respectivamente; en el plano anterior se encontró que un 33,3% presentaba rodilla en valgo; evidenciándose en el plano posterior un 50% con hiperpronación. En la evaluación de la marcha el 66,7% tuvo un resultado bueno, mientras que el 33,3% presento alteraciones, como la marcha antálgica; el 83,3% presento deficiencias, mientras que un 16,7% presento limitaciones, sin tener restricciones.
Conclusiones: En conclusión esta plataforma puede ser considerada como una oportunidad para el terapeuta de tener un esquema de valoración a la mano, y servir al equipo médico como una herramienta que favorezca los procesos de evaluación, diagnostico e intervención. Sin embargo, se hace importante continuar con una línea de investigación desde una perspectiva experimental permita identificar el uso de la plataforma en toda su amplitud de utilidad además de favorecedora a los procesos de rehabilitación en menor tiempo que los esquemas convencionales.
Background: Disability is a condition that can alter the physical, mental, psychological and social state, affecting the quality of life and functionality, generating different needs from those of a regular population. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been a useful tool in the field of rehabilitation within physiotherapeutic practice, being used for the improvement of functionality. Objective: Characterize patients with motor disabilities of musculoskeletal origin who are treated through a telerehabilitation platform for physiotherapeutic intervention in a IPS in Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out in patients with motor disabilities of transient osteomuscular origin who attended an IPS in Barranquilla. It was selected for convenience, of the users who attended the rehabilitation service between August-November 2018, and who met the inclusion characteristics. Sociodemographic variables, access to technological device and internet were measured; bodily functions, and the use of the technological platform. The data analysis was carried out using the SPSSS version 24 software licensed from the Simón Bolívar University. The project is limited to the research macroproject endorsed and financed by Colciencias according to call 709 of 2015. Results: 50% were beneficiaries of the social security health system, and the other 50% were from the contributing group; In educational level 50% were high school graduates and 50% had professional training, with 100% of the participants having access to internet, TV and PC. In the clinical characteristics of the telerehabilitation users who participated in the study, it was found that 50% presented scoliosis as a medical diagnosis, in relation to BMI, 66.7% had a lower than normal weight. 83.3% of the participants presented a ROM and good right muscular performance, while 16.7% had it limited or with a presence of deficit, respectively, in the postural evaluation of the left lateral plane 50% of the participants presented pelvic anteversion, in the right lateral plane it was found in 33.3% shoulder antepulsion, pelvic imbalance and pelvic anteversion, respectively; in the previous plane it was found that 33.3% had valgus knee; showing in the posterior plane 50% with hyperpronation. In the evaluation of gait, 66.7% had a good result, while 33.3% presented alterations, such as antalgic gait; 83.3% presented deficiencies, while 16.7% presented limitations, without restrictions. Conclusions: In conclusion, this platform can be considered as an opportunity for the therapist to have an assessment scheme at hand, and serve the medical team as a tool that favors the evaluation, diagnosis and intervention processes. However, it is important to continue with a line of research from an experimental perspective to identify the use of the platform in all its breadth of utility as well as favoring the rehabilitation processes in less time than conventional schemes.
Background: Disability is a condition that can alter the physical, mental, psychological and social state, affecting the quality of life and functionality, generating different needs from those of a regular population. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been a useful tool in the field of rehabilitation within physiotherapeutic practice, being used for the improvement of functionality. Objective: Characterize patients with motor disabilities of musculoskeletal origin who are treated through a telerehabilitation platform for physiotherapeutic intervention in a IPS in Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out in patients with motor disabilities of transient osteomuscular origin who attended an IPS in Barranquilla. It was selected for convenience, of the users who attended the rehabilitation service between August-November 2018, and who met the inclusion characteristics. Sociodemographic variables, access to technological device and internet were measured; bodily functions, and the use of the technological platform. The data analysis was carried out using the SPSSS version 24 software licensed from the Simón Bolívar University. The project is limited to the research macroproject endorsed and financed by Colciencias according to call 709 of 2015. Results: 50% were beneficiaries of the social security health system, and the other 50% were from the contributing group; In educational level 50% were high school graduates and 50% had professional training, with 100% of the participants having access to internet, TV and PC. In the clinical characteristics of the telerehabilitation users who participated in the study, it was found that 50% presented scoliosis as a medical diagnosis, in relation to BMI, 66.7% had a lower than normal weight. 83.3% of the participants presented a ROM and good right muscular performance, while 16.7% had it limited or with a presence of deficit, respectively, in the postural evaluation of the left lateral plane 50% of the participants presented pelvic anteversion, in the right lateral plane it was found in 33.3% shoulder antepulsion, pelvic imbalance and pelvic anteversion, respectively; in the previous plane it was found that 33.3% had valgus knee; showing in the posterior plane 50% with hyperpronation. In the evaluation of gait, 66.7% had a good result, while 33.3% presented alterations, such as antalgic gait; 83.3% presented deficiencies, while 16.7% presented limitations, without restrictions. Conclusions: In conclusion, this platform can be considered as an opportunity for the therapist to have an assessment scheme at hand, and serve the medical team as a tool that favors the evaluation, diagnosis and intervention processes. However, it is important to continue with a line of research from an experimental perspective to identify the use of the platform in all its breadth of utility as well as favoring the rehabilitation processes in less time than conventional schemes.
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Palabras clave
Telerehabilitacion, Realidad virtual, Discapacidad motriz (DeCs), Telerehabilitation, Rehabilitation, Virtual reality, People with disabilities (DeCs)