Frecuencia de enfermedades respiratorias en niños de 0 – 14 años en el Hospital Niño Jesús de la ciudad de Barranquilla en el año 2017
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Bandera Roncallo, Laura Victoria
Gómez Escorcia, Lorena Sofía
Mogollón Pérez, Maira Alejandra
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: Las enfermedades respiratorias son un conjunto de patologías que afectan el sistema respiratorio y se ubican dentro de las tres primeras causas de muerte entre los menores de cinco años, por lo que es considerado un problema de salud pública.
Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de enfermedades respiratorias en niños de 0 – 14 años en el Hospital Niño Jesús de la ciudad de Barranquilla en el año 2017.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Mediante recolección de datos en una ESE durante el año 2017, se realizó una revisión manual de los archivos de ingreso a urgencias; posteriormente, se realizó procesamiento estadístico utilizando Epi-Info versión 3.2.2.
Resultados: Para el presente estudio se analizaron 600 pacientes con algún tipo
de enfermedad respiratoria que acudieron al Hospital Niño Jesús de Barranquilla
durante el periodo de enero a diciembre del 2017. Estas patologías se presentaron
en diferentes formas clínicas, con predominio de bronquiolitis, bronquitis, asma y
neumonía con un 52,5 %, 17%, 12.5% y 10,83% respectivamente. En cuanto a la
edad más frecuente el 76,38 % de la población de estudio fueron infantes de 0 a 1
año. Asimismo, el sexo más frecuente fue el masculino con un total de 56,5% de los
pacientes con patología respiratoria. Según la fecha de ingreso, el mayor número
de pacientes se registró en el mes de agosto con un 17.5%, lo que correspondería
a temporada de invierno en la ciudad.
Conclusiones: Es necesario conocer factores de riesgo que se relacionan con la
presencia y evolución de las enfermedades respiratorias a fin de poder establecer
intervenciones integrales que mejoren el estado de salud de los infantes y
disminuyan la morbimortalidad por este evento.
Background: Respiratory diseases are a set of pathologies that affect the respiratory system and are among the three leading causes of death among children under five years of age, which is why it is considered a public health problem. Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory diseases in children 0 - 14 years old in the Niño Jesús Hospital in the city of Barranquilla in 2017. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Through data collection in an ESE during the year 2017, a manual review of the emergency admission files was performed; Subsequently, statistical processing was performed using Epi-Info version 3.2.2. Results: For the present study, 600 patients with some type of respiratory disease who visited the Niño Jesús de Barranquilla Hospital during the period from January to December 2017 were analyzed. These pathologies were presented in different clinical forms, with a predominance of bronchiolitis, bronchitis, asthma and pneumonia with 52.5%, 17%, 12.5% and 10.83% respectively. Regarding the most frequent age, 76.38% of the study population were infants from 0 to 1 year. Likewise, the most frequent sex was male with a total of 56.5% of patients with respiratory pathology. According to the date of admission, the highest number of patients was registered in the month of August with 17.5%, which corresponds to the winter season in the city. Conclusions: It is necessary to know risk factors that are related to the presence and evolution of respiratory diseases in order to establish comprehensive interventions that improve the health status of infants and reduce morbidity and mortality due to this event.
Background: Respiratory diseases are a set of pathologies that affect the respiratory system and are among the three leading causes of death among children under five years of age, which is why it is considered a public health problem. Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory diseases in children 0 - 14 years old in the Niño Jesús Hospital in the city of Barranquilla in 2017. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Through data collection in an ESE during the year 2017, a manual review of the emergency admission files was performed; Subsequently, statistical processing was performed using Epi-Info version 3.2.2. Results: For the present study, 600 patients with some type of respiratory disease who visited the Niño Jesús de Barranquilla Hospital during the period from January to December 2017 were analyzed. These pathologies were presented in different clinical forms, with a predominance of bronchiolitis, bronchitis, asthma and pneumonia with 52.5%, 17%, 12.5% and 10.83% respectively. Regarding the most frequent age, 76.38% of the study population were infants from 0 to 1 year. Likewise, the most frequent sex was male with a total of 56.5% of patients with respiratory pathology. According to the date of admission, the highest number of patients was registered in the month of August with 17.5%, which corresponds to the winter season in the city. Conclusions: It is necessary to know risk factors that are related to the presence and evolution of respiratory diseases in order to establish comprehensive interventions that improve the health status of infants and reduce morbidity and mortality due to this event.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Enfermedades respiratorias, Niños, Síntomas, Asma, Neumonía, Bronquiolitis, Frecuencia, Epidemiología, Respiratory diseases, Child, Symptoms, Asthma, Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis, Frequency, Epidemiology