La gestión logística en las microempresas manufactureras del Estado Táchira, Venezuela
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Ramírez-Quintero, Freddy Antonio
Madriz-Rodríguez, Delia Alejandra
Bravo-Valero, Antonio José
Ugueto-Maldonado, Martha Graciela
Sierra-Parada, Maritza
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Universidad de Santander UDES
Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo fue describir la dinámica de la gestión logística en la microempresa manufacturera del Estado Táchira, Venezuela, a partir de los procesos de abastecimiento, producción y distribución. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo y diseño de campo, desarrollado en una muestra de 205 microempresas de 10 municipios del Estado, utilizándose la técnica de la encuesta a través de un cuestionario de 33 ítems aplicado en el período enero-julio 2019. Entre los principales hallazgos destacan en cuanto al proceso de abastecimiento, serios inconvenientes con la disponibilidad de materias primas e insumos, la variabilidad en los precios de las mercancías, y la poca oportunidad, cantidad y diversidad de éstos en el mercado. En cuanto al proceso de producción, se encontró el desarrollo poco asertivo del proceso planificador, en tanto prevalecen los históricos de ventas ante las necesidades cambiantes de la demanda; asimismo, es una debilidad el escaso nivel tecnológico de la maquinaria y equipos. Respecto al proceso de distribución, el mismo se ve limitado ante la precariedad de los sistemas propios de transporte, y las dificultades de los medios externos. Como conclusión, se considera que en las microempresas estudiadas pese a las debilidades encontradas, existen elementos determinantes de la cultura de este tipo de empresas lo cual imprime un carácter dinámico a la gestión de los procesos de abastecimiento, producción y distribución, pudiendo mejorar éstos partiendo de una asertiva planificación de la producción con base en el conocimiento de las necesidades de la demanda, y de la apropiación de las oportunidades del mercado y del entorno en cuanto a la obtención estratégica de materias primas y financiamiento, viabilizando un mejor y oportuno proceso de abastecimiento.
The objective of the work was to describe the dynamics of logistics management in the manufacturing micro-enterprise of the Táchira State, Venezuela, based on the supply, production and distribution processes. It was a quantitative study, of descriptive leveland field design, developed in a sample of 205 micro-enterprises from 10 municipalities of the State, using the technique of the survey through a questionnaire of 33 items applied in the period January-July 2019. Between The main findings stand out in terms of the supply process, serious drawbacks with the availability of raw materials and supplies, the variability in the prices of goods, and the limited opportunity, quantity and diversity of these in the market. Regarding the production process, the development of the planning process was not very assertive, while sales histories prevail before the changing needs of demand; likewise, the low technological level of machinery and equipment is a weakness. Regarding the distribution process, it is limited due to the precariousness of the transport systems themselves, and the difficulties of the external means. As a conclusion, it is considered that in the microenterprises studied, despite the weaknesses found, there are determining elements of the culture of this type of companies, which gives a dynamic character to the management of the supply, production and distribution processes,being able to improve these by starting of an assertive production planning based on the knowledge of the needs of the demand, andof the appropriation of the opportunities in the market and the environment in terms of the strategic obtaining of raw materials andfinancing, making possible a better and timely process of catering.
The objective of the work was to describe the dynamics of logistics management in the manufacturing micro-enterprise of the Táchira State, Venezuela, based on the supply, production and distribution processes. It was a quantitative study, of descriptive leveland field design, developed in a sample of 205 micro-enterprises from 10 municipalities of the State, using the technique of the survey through a questionnaire of 33 items applied in the period January-July 2019. Between The main findings stand out in terms of the supply process, serious drawbacks with the availability of raw materials and supplies, the variability in the prices of goods, and the limited opportunity, quantity and diversity of these in the market. Regarding the production process, the development of the planning process was not very assertive, while sales histories prevail before the changing needs of demand; likewise, the low technological level of machinery and equipment is a weakness. Regarding the distribution process, it is limited due to the precariousness of the transport systems themselves, and the difficulties of the external means. As a conclusion, it is considered that in the microenterprises studied, despite the weaknesses found, there are determining elements of the culture of this type of companies, which gives a dynamic character to the management of the supply, production and distribution processes,being able to improve these by starting of an assertive production planning based on the knowledge of the needs of the demand, andof the appropriation of the opportunities in the market and the environment in terms of the strategic obtaining of raw materials andfinancing, making possible a better and timely process of catering.
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Palabras clave
Microempresa, Manufactura, Gestión logística, Abastecimiento, Producción, Distribución, Manufacturing, Logistics management