Características clínicas y hallazgos en tomografía computarizada de tórax en pacientes con COVID-19
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Vivas, Juan Diego
Ramírez, Adrian
Rolón, Fredy
Sánchez, José Vicente
Oses, Alejandro
Sánchez, Mario
Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
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Editor
Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
La pandemia generada por el COVID-19 ha generado
un enorme costo médico y socioeconómico, que
ha llevado al campo científico y a las distintas
asociaciones médicas a poner a disposición todos
sus recursos para encontrar una solución pronta para
afrontar esta patología. El objetivo de la presente
revisión es describir las características clínicas y
hallazgos en tomografía computarizada de tórax más
relevantes en pacientes con COVID-19; mediante la
identificación de artículos científicos en bases de datos.
Se incluyeron 15 estudios que cumplían con los criterios
de inclusión definidos por los autores. Los hallazgos
más relevantes nos muestran que el SARS-CoV-2 tiene
una transmisión rápida y generalizada; con afectación
de múltiples sistemas, pero con un predominio del tracto
respiratorio. La mayoría de los pacientes presentan síntomas leves; las principales manifestaciones son
fiebre, tos, dificultad para respirar, dolor muscular,
dolor de cabeza, etc. Los pacientes que presentan
una enfermedad más grave y requieren ingreso a UCI
presentan una edad mayor y más comorbilidad respecto
a la población general. Las actuales recomendaciones
del colegio americano de radiología para el uso de
TC de tórax proponen reservarla para pacientes
hospitalizados cuando sea necesario determinar
su tratamiento. En conclusión, debido a la gran
variedad de manifestaciones clínicas y la afectación de
múltiples órganos, no existen características clínicas
específicas que permitan distinguir el COVID-19 a
otras infecciones respiratorias de etiología viral.
The pandemic generated by COVID-19 has generated an enormous medical and socioeconomic cost, which has led the scientific field and the different medical associations to make all their resources available to find a prompt solution to face this pathology. The objective of this review is to describe the most relevant clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19; By identifying scientific articles in databases. Fifteen studies were included that met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The most relevant findings show us that SARS-CoV-2 has a rapid and generalized transmission, with the involvement of multiple systems, but with a predominance of the respiratory tract. Most patients have mild symptoms; the main manifestations are fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain, headache, etc. Patients with more severe diseases and requiring admission to the ICU are older and have more comorbidity compared to the general population. The current recommendations of the American College of Radiology for the use of chest CT, we propose to reserve it for hospitalized patients when it is necessary to determine their treatment. In conclusion, due to the great variety of clinical manifestations and the involvement of multiple organs, there are no specific clinical characteristics that allow distinguishing COVID-19 from other respiratory infections of viral etiology.
The pandemic generated by COVID-19 has generated an enormous medical and socioeconomic cost, which has led the scientific field and the different medical associations to make all their resources available to find a prompt solution to face this pathology. The objective of this review is to describe the most relevant clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19; By identifying scientific articles in databases. Fifteen studies were included that met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The most relevant findings show us that SARS-CoV-2 has a rapid and generalized transmission, with the involvement of multiple systems, but with a predominance of the respiratory tract. Most patients have mild symptoms; the main manifestations are fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain, headache, etc. Patients with more severe diseases and requiring admission to the ICU are older and have more comorbidity compared to the general population. The current recommendations of the American College of Radiology for the use of chest CT, we propose to reserve it for hospitalized patients when it is necessary to determine their treatment. In conclusion, due to the great variety of clinical manifestations and the involvement of multiple organs, there are no specific clinical characteristics that allow distinguishing COVID-19 from other respiratory infections of viral etiology.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Tomografía computarizada de tórax, Computed tomography of the chest