Abstract: Oral manifestations may be the first sign of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Due to diversity in the clinical findings of LCH, this disease has been a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians, dentists and pathologist, as well. The pediatrician plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and...

Abstract: Oral manifestations may be the first sign of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Due to diversity in the clinical findings of LCH, this disease has been a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians, dentists and pathologist, as well. The pediatrician plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach. This paper reports a case of LCH involving the mandible in a 2-year-old girl, highlight the difficulties involved in LCH diagnosis and the utmost importance of a multidisciplinary treatment approach involving pediatricians and pediatric dentists. A 2-year-old girl was referred to the Stomatology Department for evaluation of a lesion in her mandible. Her mother reported that when the baby was 7 months old, the mother noticed the presence of a small red nodule in the baby's mandible. Clinical examination revealed markedly reddened and swollen gingiva around mandibular primary incisors, which was painless to palpation presenting slight bleeding. The child has no other health problem, without allergies and familial history of tumors. Our initial diagnosis hypotheses were Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of infancy and Central Giant Cell Granuloma. The treatment consisted of surgical removal of lesion under general anesthesia. The diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was confirmed. The patient is currently under regular review and there has been no evidence of recurrence after 3 years of surgery

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