An authigenic response to Ediacaran surface oxidation: Remarkable micron-scale isotopic heterogeneity revealed by SIMS

Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Authigenic carbonate; Carbon isotopes; Deep-time carbon cycle; Microbial sulfate reduction; Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Shuram excursion; Geology; Geochemistry and Petrology

Abstract :

[en] The Ediacaran Shuram excursion (SE) records a global decrease in carbonate carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) values from +6‰ down to ca. –10‰, representing the largest δ13Ccarb negative anomaly in Earth history. While the SE is widely recorded in the upper Doushantuo Formation of South China, it shows highly variable δ13Ccarb profiles among correlative sections. This inconsistent expression of the SE challenges the conventional view of a homogeneous marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. A potential process that could explain δ13Ccarb variability is local mineralization of isotopically distinct authigenic carbonates near the sediment–water interface during early diagenesis. However, a direct test of such authigenic carbonates is still limited. Here, following a recent study on the SE in an intra-shelf environment, we revisited an outer-shelf section, identified and analyzed μm-scale, syn-depositional authigenic calcite cements via integrated cathodoluminescence (CL), micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Our new SIMS results reveal remarkable micron-scale heterogeneity of δ13Ccarb in authigenic calcite cements, including extremely negative values down to –37.5‰ (VPDB). We interpret these calcite cements as methane-derived authigenic calcite (MDAC) resulting from microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) during early diagenesis. Based on the new results, we propose that the heterogeneous SE in South China — manifest on micrometer, centimeter, and basinal scales — was modulated by methane oxidation under variable local redox and water depth conditions. The SE, therefore, was coupled with different degrees of methane oxidation in individual basins, and globally triggered by enhanced seawater sulfate during an atmospheric oxygenation event. In light of this study, the potential role of redox variability in methane oxidation during the SE may have been underestimated. Our study demonstrates that integrated SIMS-SEM analysis can distinguish different generations of isotopically distinct carbonates otherwise undetected by conventional analysis, and is thus an effective approach to assess the origin and diagenetic history of δ13Ccarb anomalies in the sedimentary record.

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Cui, Huan; Equipe Géomicrobiologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), université Paris Cité, Paris, France ; Stable Isotope Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ; NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States ; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Kitajima, Kouki; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Orland, Ian J.; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States ; Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Baele, Jean-Marc ; Université de Mons - UMONS

Xiao, Shuhai; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States

Kaufman, Alan J.; Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, United States

Denny, Adam; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States ; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States

Spicuzza, Michael J.; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Fournelle, John H.; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Valley, John W.; NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States ; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, United States

Language :

English

Title :

An authigenic response to Ediacaran surface oxidation: Remarkable micron-scale isotopic heterogeneity revealed by SIMS

Publication date :

August 2022

Journal title :

Precambrian Research

ISSN :

0301-9268

Publisher :

Elsevier B.V.

Volume :

377

Pages :

106676

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Development Goals :

13. Climate action

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0301926822001206?httpAccept=text/xml

Research unit :

F401 - Géologie fondamentale et appliquée

Research institute :

R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux

Funding text :

This study was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA13AA94A) at UW–Madison. The WiscSIMS Lab is supported by NSF (EAR–1355590, –1658823, –2004618) and UW–Madison. JWV was also supported by NSF (EAR–1524336) and DOE (DE–FG02–93ER14389). SX was supported by NASA Exobiology Program (80NSSC18K1086). HC is grateful for joint support from CIFAR (Canadian Institute for Advanced Research) “Earth 4D: Subsurface Science and Exploration” program at Université Paris Cité and University of Toronto. This paper is dedicated to Yiheng Wu and toddler Ruogu Cui, for the love, peace, and joy during the pandemic in Paris.HC wants to thank Prof. Jianbo Liu (Peking University), who introduced HC the conventional carbon cycle model in his class when HC was a graduate student in Beijing back to over 10 years ago. It was Prof. Liu's course Biogeochemistry and Biomineralization that inspired HC to pursue a Ph.D. in geobiology and biogeochemistry abroad. The authors thank Bil Schneider for assistance in the SEM laboratory at UW-Madison; Brian Hess, Noriko Kita, James Kern, and Maciej Śliwiński for assistance in sample preparation and SIMS analysis at UW-Madison; Huifang Xu for assistance in the microscope laboratory at UW-Madison; Steven Goderis, Niels J. de Winter, and Pim Kaskes for guidance in the μXRF laboratory at VUB; Yiheng Wu for assistance in compiling supplemental materials; Chuanming Zhou (NIGPAS) for field assistance and constructive comments; Ganqing Jiang (UNLV) and Magali Ader (IPGP) for kind discussion. This paper was handled by Frances Westall (CNRS, Orléans) and benefits from constructive reviews by James Busch (Dartmouth), Thomas Algeo (Cincinnati), and three anonymous reviewers. This study was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA13AA94A) at UW–Madison. The WiscSIMS Lab is supported by NSF (EAR–1355590, –1658823, –2004618) and UW–Madison. JWV was also supported by NSF (EAR–1524336) and DOE (DE–FG02–93ER14389). SX was supported by NASA Exobiology Program (80NSSC18K1086). HC is grateful for joint support from CIFAR (Canadian Institute for Advanced Research) “Earth 4D: Subsurface Science and Exploration” program at Université Paris Cité and University of Toronto. This paper is dedicated to Yiheng Wu and toddler Ruogu Cui, for the love, peace, and joy during the pandemic in Paris.

Available on ORBi UMONS :

since 13 January 2023

Statistics

Number of views

2 (1 by UMONS)

Number of downloads

7 (0 by UMONS)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Ader, M., Macouin, M., Trindade, R.I.F., Hadrien, M.-H., Yang, Z., Sun, Z., Besse, J., A multilayered water column in the Ediacaran Yangtze platform? Insights from carbonate and organic matter paired δ13C. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 288 (2009), 213–227, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.024.
An, Z., Jiang, G., Tong, J., Tian, L., Ye, Q., Song, H., Song, H., Stratigraphic position of the Ediacaran Miaohe biota and its constrains on the age of the upper Doushantuo δ13C anomaly in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China. Precambr. Res. 271 (2015), 243–253, 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.10.007.
Andrieu, S., Brigaud, B., Barbarand, J., Lasseur, E., The complex diagenetic history of discontinuities in shallow-marine carbonate rocks: New insights from high-resolution ion microprobe investigation of δ18O and δ13C of early cements. Sedimentology 65 (2017), 360–399, 10.1111/sed.12384.
Bakakas Mayika, K., Moussavou, M., Prave, A.R., Lepland, A., Mbina, M., Kirsimäe, K., The Paleoproterozoic Francevillian succession of Gabon and the Lomagundi-Jatuli event. Geology 48 (2020), 1099–1104, 10.1130/g47651.1.
Baker, A.J., Fallick, A.E., Heavy carbon in two-billion-year-old marbles from Lofoten-Vesterȧlen, Norway: Implications for the Precambrian carbon cycle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53 (1989), 1111–1115, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90216-0.
Banner, J.L., Application of the trace element and isotope geochemistry of strontium to studies of carbonate diagenesis. Sedimentology 42 (1995), 805–824, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb00410.x.
Bao, H., Peng, Y., Jiang, G., Crockford, P.W., Feng, D., Xiao, S., Kaufman, A.J., Wang, J., 2021. A Transient Peak in Seawater Sulfate After the 635-Ma Snowball Earth, AGU Fall Meeting 2021.
Barbin, V., Application of cathodoluminescence microscopy to recent and past biological materials: a decade of progress. Mineral. Petrol. 107 (2013), 353–362, 10.1007/s00710-013-0266-6.
Barnaby, R.J., Rimstidt, J.D., 1989. Redox conditions of calcite cementation interpreted from Mn and Fe contents of authigenic calcites. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101, 795–804. https://doi.org/0.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0795:RCOCCI>2.3.CO;2.
Bergmann, K.D., Zentmyer, R.A., Fischer, W.W., The stratigraphic expression of a large negative carbon isotope excursion from the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Death Valley. Precambr. Res. 188 (2011), 45–56, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.03.014.
Bergmann, K.D., Grotzinger, J.P., Osburn, M., Eiler, J.M., Fischer, W.W., 2013a. Chapter 2. Constraints on Ediacaran carbon cycle dynamics from the Shuram excursion of Oman. In: Bergmann, K.D. (Ed.), Constraints on the Carbon Cycle and Climate during the Early Evolution of Animals. Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, pp. 33–74. https://doi.org/10.7907/KFJX-7S28.
Bergmann, K.D., Zentmyer, R.A., Fischer, W.W., 2013b. Chapter 3. The stratigraphic expression of a large negative carbon isotope excursion from the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Death Valley. In: Bergmann, K.D. (Ed.), Constraints on the Carbon Cycle and Climate during the Early Evolution of Animals. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, pp. 75–119. https://doi.org/10.7907/KFJX-7S28.
Berner, R.A., Authigenic mineral formation resulting from organic matter decomposition in modern sediments. Fortschr. Mineral. 59 (1981), 117–135.
Birgel, D., Meister, P., Lundberg, R., Horath, T.D., Bontognali, T.R.R., Bahniuk, A.M., de Rezende, C.E., Vasconcelos, C., McKenzie, J.A., Methanogenesis produces strong 13C enrichment in stromatolites of Lagoa Salgada, Brazil: a modern analogue for Palaeo-/Neoproterozoic stromatolites?. Geobiology 13 (2015), 245–266, 10.1111/gbi.12130.
Bjerrum, C.J., Canfield, D.E., Towards a quantitative understanding of the late Neoproterozoic carbon cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (2011), 5542–5547, 10.1073/pnas.1101755108.
Bold, U., Smith, E.F., Rooney, A.D., Bowring, S.A., Buchwaldt, R., Dudás, F.Ő., Ramezani, J., Crowley, J.L., Schrag, D.P., Macdonald, F.A., Neoproterozoic stratigraphy of the Zavkhan terrane of Mongolia: The backbone for Cryogenian and early Ediacaran chemostratigraphic records. Am. J. Sci. 316 (2016), 1–63, 10.2475/01.2016.01.
Brand, U., Veizer, J., Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system—1: Trace elements. J. Sediment. Res. 50 (1980), 1219–1236, 10.1306/212F7BB7-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Bristow, T.F., Kennedy, M.J., Carbon isotope excursions and the oxidant budget of the Ediacaran atmosphere and ocean. Geology 36 (2008), 863–866, 10.1130/G24968A.1.
Bristow, T.F., Bonifacie, M., Derkowski, A., Eiler, J.M., Grotzinger, J.P., A hydrothermal origin for isotopically anomalous cap dolostone cements from south China. Nature 474 (2011), 68–71, 10.1038/nature10096.
Broecker, W.S., A boundary condition on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. J. Geophys. Res. 75 (1970), 3553–3557, 10.1029/JC075i018p03553.
Burns, S.J., Matter, A., Carbon isotopic record of the latest Proterozoic from Oman. Eclogae Geol. Helv. 86 (1993), 595–607, 10.5169/seals-167254.
Burns, S.J., Haudenschild, U., Matter, A., The strontium isotopic composition of carbonates from the late Precambrian (∼560–540 Ma) Huqf Group of Oman. Chem. Geol. 111 (1994), 269–282, 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90094-9.
Busch, J.F., Hodgin, E.B., Ahm, A.-S.-C., Husson, J.M., Macdonald, F.A., Bergmann, K.D., Higgins, J.A., Strauss, J.V., Global and local drivers of the Ediacaran Shuram carbon isotope excursion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 579, 2022, 117368, 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117368.
Butterfield, N.J., The Neoproterozoic. Curr. Biol. 25 (2015), R859–R863, 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.021.
Calver, C.R., Isotope stratigraphy of the Ediacarian (Neoproterozoic III) of the Adelaide Rift Complex, Australia, and the overprint of water column stratification. Precambr. Res. 100 (2000), 121–150, 10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00072-8.
Canfield, D.E., Knoll, A.H., Poulton, S.W., Narbonne, G.M., Dunning, G.R., Carbon isotopes in clastic rocks and the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle. Am. J. Sci. 320 (2020), 97–124, 10.2475/02.2020.01.
Cao, M., Daines, S.J., Lenton, T.M., Cui, H., Algeo, T.J., Dahl, T.W., Shi, W., Chen, Z.-Q., Anbar, A., Zhou, Y.-Q., Comparison of Ediacaran platform and slope δ238U records in South China: Implications for global-ocean oxygenation and the origin of the Shuram Excursion. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 287 (2020), 111–124, 10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.035.
Chang, B., Li, C., Liu, D., Foster, I., Tripati, A., Lloyd, M.K., Maradiaga, I., Luo, G., An, Z., She, Z., Xie, S., Tong, J., Huang, J., Algeo, T.J., Lyons, T.W., Immenhauser, A., Massive formation of early diagenetic dolomite in the Ediacaran ocean: Constraints on the “dolomite problem”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117 (2020), 14005–14014, 10.1073/pnas.1916673117.
Chen, B., Hu, C., Mills, B.J.W., He, T., Andersen, M.B., Chen, X., Liu, P., Lu, M., Newton, R.J., Poulton, S.W., Shields, G.A., Zhu, M., A short-lived oxidation event during the early Ediacaran and delayed oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 577, 2022, 117274, 10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117274.
Chen, Z., Zhou, C., Meyer, M., Xiang, K., Schiffbauer, J.D., Yuan, X., Xiao, S., Trace fossil evidence for Ediacaran bilaterian animals with complex behaviors. Precambr. Res. 224 (2013), 690–701, 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.11.004.
Cheng, M., Wang, H., Li, C., Luo, G., Huang, J., She, Z., Lei, L., Ouyang, G., Zhang, Z., Dodd, M.S., Algeo, T.J., Barite in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation and its implications for marine carbon cycling during the largest negative carbon isotope excursion in Earth's history. Precambr. Res., 368, 2022, 106485, 10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106485.
Condon, D., Zhu, M., Bowring, S., Wang, W., Yang, A., Jin, Y., U-Pb ages from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China. Science 308 (2005), 95–98, 10.1126/science.1107765.
Črne, A.E., Melezhik, V.A., Lepland, A., Fallick, A.E., Prave, A.R., Brasier, A.T., Petrography and geochemistry of carbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation, Russia: Documentation of 13C-depleted non-primary calcite. Precambr. Res. 240 (2014), 79–93, 10.1016/j.precamres.2013.10.005.
Cui, H., Kaufman, A.J., Xiao, S., Zhu, M., Zhou, C., Liu, X.-M., Redox architecture of an Ediacaran ocean margin: Integrated chemostratigraphic (δ13C–δ34S–87Sr/86Sr–Ce/Ce*) correlation of the Doushantuo Formation, South China. Chem. Geol. 405 (2015), 48–62, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.04.009.
Cui, H., Xiao, S., Zhou, C., Peng, Y., Kaufman, A.J., Plummer, R.E., Phosphogenesis associated with the Shuram Excursion: Petrographic and geochemical observations from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China. Sed. Geol. 341 (2016), 134–146, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.05.008.
Cui, H., Kaufman, A.J., Xiao, S., Zhou, C., Liu, X.-M., Was the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion a globally synchronized early diagenetic event? Insights from methane-derived authigenic carbonates in the uppermost Doushantuo Formation, South China. Chem. Geol. 450 (2017), 59–80, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.12.010.
Cui, H., Kaufman, A.J., Peng, Y., Liu, X.-M., Plummer, R.E., Lee, E.I., The Neoproterozoic Hüttenberg δ13C anomaly: Genesis and global implications. Precambr. Res. 313 (2018), 242–262, 10.1016/j.precamres.2018.05.024.
Cui, H., Orland, I.J., Denny, A., Kitajima, K., Fournelle, J.H., Baele, J.-M., de Winter, N.J., Goderis, S., Claeys, P., Valley, J.W., 2019. Ice or fire? Constraining the origin of isotopically anomalous cap carbonate cements by SIMS, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 51, No. 5, Phoenix, Arizona, USA https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019AM-332456.
Cui, H., Kaufman, A.J., Zou, H., Kattan, F.H., Trusler, P., Smith, J., Yu. Ivantsov, A., Rich, T.H., Al Qubsani, A., Yazedi, A., Liu, X.-M., Johnson, P., Goderis, S., Claeys, P., Vickers-Rich, P., 2020a. Primary or secondary? A dichotomy of the strontium isotope anomalies in the Ediacaran carbonates of Saudi Arabia. Precamb. Res. 343, 105720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105720.
Cui, H., Warren, L.V., Uhlein, G.J., Okubo, J., Liu, X.-M., Plummer, R.E., Baele, J.-M., Goderis, S., Claeys, P., Li, F., Global or regional? Constraining the origins of the middle Bambuí carbon cycle anomaly in Brazil. Precambr. Res., 348, 2020, 105861, 10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105861.
Cui, H., Inside out: Deep carbon linked to deep-time carbon cycle. Science Bull. 66 (2021), 1822–1824, 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.001.
Cui, H., Kitajima, K., Orland, I.J., Xiao, S., Baele, J.-M., Kaufman, A.J., Denny, A., Zhou, C., Spicuzza, M.J., Fournelle, J.H., Valley, J.W., Deposition or diagenesis? Probing the Ediacaran Shuram excursion in South China by SIMS. Global Planet. Change, 206, 2021, 103591, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103591.
Cui, H., Kaufman, A.J., Xiao, S., Zhou, C., Zhu, M., Cao, M., Loyd, S., Crockford, P., Liu, X.-M., Goderis, S., Wang, W., Guan, C., 2022. Dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S, and Ba cycles in response to the Shuram oxygenation event. Journal of the Geological Society, 179, jgs2021-081. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-081.
Denny, A.C., Kozdon, R., Kitajima, K., Valley, J.W., Isotopically zoned carbonate cements in Early Paleozoic sandstones of the Illinois Basin: δ18O and δ13C records of burial and fluid flow. Sed. Geol. 361 (2017), 93–110, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.09.004.
Denny, A.C., Orland, I.J., Valley, J.W., Regionally correlated oxygen and carbon isotope zonation in diagenetic carbonates of the Bakken Formation. Chem. Geol., 531, 2020, 119327, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119327.
Derry, L.A., A burial diagenesis origin for the Ediacaran Shuram-Wonoka carbon isotope anomaly. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 294 (2010), 152–162, 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.022.
Des Marais, D.J., Strauss, H., Summons, R.E., Hayes, J.M., Carbon isotope evidence for the stepwise oxidation of the Proterozoic environment. Nature 359 (1992), 605–609, 10.1038/359605a0.
El Ali, A., Barbin, V., Calas, G., Cervelle, B., Ramseyer, K., Bouroulec, J., Mn2+-activated luminescence in dolomite, calcite and magnesite: quantitative determination of manganese and site distribution by EPR and CL spectroscopy. Chem. Geol. 104 (1993), 189–202, 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90150-H.
Fakhraee, M., Tarhan, L.G., Planavsky, N.J., Reinhard, C.T., A largely invariant marine dissolved organic carbon reservoir across Earth's history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 118, 2021, e2103511118, 10.1073/pnas.2103511118.
Fantle, M.S., Barnes, B.D., Lau, K.V., The role of diagenesis in shaping the geochemistry of the marine carbonate record. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 48 (2020), 549–583, 10.1146/annurev-earth-073019-060021.
Fike, D.A., Grotzinger, J.P., Pratt, L.M., Summons, R.E., Oxidation of the Ediacaran ocean. Nature 444 (2006), 744–747, 10.1038/nature05345.
Frank, J.R., Carpenter, A.B., Oglesby, T.W., Cathodoluminescence and composition of calcite cement in the Taum Sauk Limestone (Upper Cambrian), southeast Missouri. J. Sediment. Res. 52 (1982), 631–638, 10.1306/212F7FB8-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Furuyama, S., Kano, A., Kunimitsu, Y., Ishikawa, T., Wei, W., Diagenetic overprint to a negative carbon isotope anomaly associated with the Gaskiers glaciation of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in South China. Precambr. Res. 276 (2016), 110–122, 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.004.
Furuyama, S., Kano, A., Kunimitsu, Y., Ishikawa, T., Wang, W., Liu, X.-C., Chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran basinal setting on the Yangtze platform, South China: Oceanographic and diagenetic aspects of the carbon isotopic depth gradient. Isl. Arc, 26, 2017, e12196, 10.1111/iar.12196.
Gao, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, G., Chen, K., Shen, Y., Ediacaran negative C-isotopic excursions associated with phosphogenic events: Evidence from South China. Precambr. Res. 307 (2018), 218–228, 10.1016/j.precamres.2018.01.014.
Gao, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, Y., Fang, C., Gong, Y., Shen, Y., 2019. High primary productivity during the Ediacaran Period revealed by the covariation of paired C-isotopic records from South China. Precambrian Research, 349, 105411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105411.
Giddings, J.A., Wallace, M.W., Facies-dependent δ13C variation from a Cryogenian platform margin, South Australia: Evidence for stratified Neoproterozoic oceans?. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 271 (2009), 196–214, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.011.
Gillhaus, A., Habermann, D., Meijer, J., Richter, D., Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and micro-PIXE: combined high resolution Mn-analyses in dolomites–First results. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 161 (2000), 842–845.
Gillhaus, A., Richter, D.K., Götte, T., Neuser, R.D., From tabular to rhombohedral dolomite crystals in Zechstein 2 dolostones from Scharzfeld (SW Harz/Germany): A case study with combined CL and EBSD investigations. Sed. Geol. 228 (2010), 284–291, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.05.003.
Glenn, C.R., Prévôt-Lucas, L., Lucas, J., 2000. Marine Authigenesis: From Global To Microbial. SEPM Special Publication No. 66. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tullsa, Oklahoma, USA https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.00.66.
Gong, Z., Kodama, K.P., Li, Y.-X., Rock magnetic cyclostratigraphy of the Doushantuo Formation, South China and its implications for the duration of the Shuram carbon isotope excursion. Precambr. Res. 289 (2017), 62–74, 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.12.002.
Gong, Z., Li, M., Astrochronology of the Ediacaran Shuram carbon isotope excursion Oman. Earth Planetary Sci. Lett., 547, 2020, 116462, 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116462.
Götze, J., Application of cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy in geosciences. Microsc. Microanal. 18 (2012), 1270–1284, 10.1017/S1431927612001122.
Grotzinger, J.P., Fike, D.A., Fischer, W.W., Enigmatic origin of the largest-known carbon isotope excursion in Earth's history. Nat. Geosci. 4 (2011), 285–292, 10.1038/ngeo1138.
Halverson, G.P., Hoffman, P.F., Schrag, D.P., Maloof, A.C., Rice, A.H.N., Toward a Neoproterozoic composite carbon-isotope record. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 117 (2005), 1181–1207, 10.1130/b25630.1.
Hardie, L.A., Anhydrite and gypsum. Middleton, G.V., Church, M.J., Coniglio, M., Hardie, L.A., Longstaffe, F.J., (eds.) Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, 2003, Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, 16–19, 10.1007/978-1-4020-3609-5_7.
Hayes, J.M., Factors controlling 13C contents of sedimentary organic compounds: Principles and evidence. Mar. Geol. 113 (1993), 111–125, 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90153-m.
Hayes, J.M., Strauss, H., Kaufman, A.J., The abundance of 13C in marine organic matter and isotopic fractionation in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon during the past 800 Ma. Chem. Geol. 161 (1999), 103–125, 10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00083-2.
Higgins, J.A., Blättler, C.L., Lundstrom, E.A., Santiago-Ramos, D.P., Akhtar, A.A., Crüger Ahm, A.S., Bialik, O., Holmden, C., Bradbury, H., Murray, S.T., Swart, P.K., Mineralogy, early marine diagenesis, and the chemistry of shallow-water carbonate sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 220 (2018), 512–534, 10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.046.
Hodgin, E.B., 2020. A Reappraisal of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic Terrane Provenance from the Iapetan Realm and the Tectonic Implications. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37365964.
Hoffman, P.F., Lamothe, K.G., Seawater-buffered diagenesis, destruction of carbon isotope excursions, and the composition of DIC in Neoproterozoic oceans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116 (2019), 18874–18879, 10.1073/pnas.1909570116.
Hood, A.v.S., Wallace, M.W., 2012. Synsedimentary diagenesis in a Cryogenian reef complex: Ubiquitous marine dolomite precipitation. Sedimentary Geology, 255–256, 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.02.004.
Hood, A.v.S., Wallace, M.W., Reed, C.P., Hoffmann, K.H., Freyer, E.E., 2015. Enigmatic carbonates of the Ombombo Subgroup, Otavi Fold Belt, Namibia: A prelude to extreme Cryogenian anoxia? Sedimentary Geology, 324, 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.04.007.
Hood, A.v.S., Planavsky, N.J., Wallace, M.W., Wang, X., Bellefroid, E.J., Gueguen, B., Cole, D.B., 2016. Integrated geochemical-petrographic insights from component-selective δ238U of Cryogenian marine carbonates. Geology, 44, 935–938. https://doi.org/10.1130/g38533.1.
Hood, A.v.S., Wallace, M.W., 2018. Neoproterozoic marine carbonates and their paleoceanographic significance. Global and Planetary Change, 160, 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.006.
Husson, J.M., Maloof, A.C., Schoene, B., A syn-depositional age for Earth's deepest δ13C excursion required by isotope conglomerate tests. Terra Nova 24 (2012), 318–325, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2012.01067.x.
Husson, J.M., Maloof, A.C., Schoene, B., Chen, C.Y., Higgins, J.A., Stratigraphic expression of Earth's deepest δ13C excursion in the Wonoka Formation of South Australia. Am. J. Sci. 315 (2015), 1–45, 10.2475/01.2015.01.
Husson, J.M., Linzmeier, B.J., Kitajima, K., Ishida, A., Maloof, A.C., Schoene, B., Peters, S.E., Valley, J.W., Large isotopic variability at the micron-scale in ‘Shuram’ excursion carbonates from South Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 538, 2020, 116211, 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116211.
Jiang, G., Kennedy, M.J., Christie-Blick, N., Stable isotopic evidence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates. Nature 426 (2003), 822–826, 10.1038/nature02201.
Jiang, G., Kennedy, M.J., Christie-Blick, N., Wu, H., Zhang, S., Stratigraphy, sedimentary structures, and textures of the late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo cap carbonate in South China. J. Sediment. Res. 76 (2006), 978–995, 10.2110/jsr.2006.086.
Jiang, G., Kaufman, A.J., Christie-Blick, N., Zhang, S., Wu, H., Carbon isotope variability across the Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China: Implications for a large surface-to-deep ocean δ13C gradient. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261 (2007), 303–320, 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.009.
Jiang, G., Zhang, S., Shi, X., Wang, X., Chemocline instability and isotope variations of the Ediacaran Doushantuo basin in South China. Sci. China, Ser. D Earth Sci. 51 (2008), 1560–1569, 10.1007/s11430-008-0116-2.
Jiang, G., Wang, X., Shi, X., Zhang, S., Xiao, S., Dong, J., Organic carbon isotope constraints on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reservoir at the Cryogenian-Ediacaran transition. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 299 (2010), 159–168, 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.08.031.
Jiang, G., Shi, X., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Xiao, S., Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca. 635–551Ma) in South China. Gondwana Res. 19 (2011), 831–849, 10.1016/j.gr.2011.01.006.
Johnston, D.T., Macdonald, F.A., Gill, B.C., Hoffman, P.F., Schrag, D.P., Uncovering the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle. Nature 483 (2012), 320–323, 10.1038/nature10854.
Jones, D.S., Brothers, R.W., Ahm, A.-S.-C., Slater, N., Higgins, J.A., Fike, D.A., Sea level, carbonate mineralogy, and early diagenesis controlled δ13C records in Upper Ordovician carbonates. Geology 48 (2020), 194–199, 10.1130/g46861.1.
Karhu, J.A., Paleoproterozoic evolution of the carbon isotope ratios of sedimentary carbonates in the Fennoscandian Shield (Academic Dissertation). Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 371. 1993, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 87.
Karhu, J.A., Holland, H.D., Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Geology 24 (1996), 867–870, 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0867:ciatro>2.3.co;2.
Kastner, M., Oceanic minerals: Their origin, nature of their environment, and significance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96 (1999), 3380–3387, 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3380.
Kaufman, A.J., Hayes, J.M., Knoll, A.H., Germs, G.J.B., Isotopic compositions of carbonates and organic carbon from upper Proterozoic successions in Namibia: stratigraphic variation and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism. Precambr. Res. 49 (1991), 301–327, 10.1016/0301-9268(91)90039-d.
Kaufman, A.J., Knoll, A.H., Awramik, S.M., Biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic correlation of Neoproterozoic sedimentary successions: Upper Tindir Group, northwestern Canada, as a test case. Geology 20 (1992), 181–185, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0181:BACCON>2.3.CO;2.
Kaufman, A.J., Knoll, A.H., Narbonne, G.M., Isotopes, ice ages, and terminal Proterozoic earth history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94 (1997), 6600–6605, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6600.
Kaufman, A.J., Jiang, G., Christie-Blick, N., Banerjee, D.M., Rai, V., Stable isotope record of the terminal Neoproterozoic Krol platform in the Lesser Himalayas of northern India. Precambr. Res. 147 (2006), 156–185, 10.1016/j.precamres.2006.02.007.
Kaufman, A.J., Corsetti, F.A., Varni, M.A., The effect of rising atmospheric oxygen on carbon and sulfur isotope anomalies in the Neoproterozoic Johnnie Formation, Death Valley, USA. Chem. Geol. 237 (2007), 47–63, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.023.
Kaufman, A.J., Kriesfeld, L., Cui, H., Narbonne, G.M., Vickers-Rich, P., Zhou, C., Xiao, S., An authigenic origin for the middle Ediacaran Shuram excursion: The view from Namibia and South China. 2015, The Geological Society of America, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, 451.
Knauth, L.P., Kennedy, M.J., The late Precambrian greening of the Earth. Nature 460 (2009), 728–732, 10.1038/nature08213.
Knoll, A.H., Hayes, J.M., Kaufman, A.J., Swett, K., Lambert, I.B., Secular variation in carbon isotope ratios from Upper Proterozoic successions of Svalbard and East Greenland. Nature 321 (1986), 832–838, 10.1038/321832a0.
Kozdon, R., Ushikubo, T., Kita, N.T., Spicuzza, M., Valley, J.W., Intratest oxygen isotope variability in the planktonic foraminifer N. pachyderma: Real vs. apparent vital effects by ion microprobe. Chem. Geol. 258 (2009), 327–337, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.032.
Kreitsmann, T., Külaviir, M., Lepland, A., Paiste, K., Paiste, P., Prave, A.R., Sepp, H., Romashkin, A.E., Rychanchik, D.V., Kirsimäe, K., Hydrothermal dedolomitisation of carbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation, NW Russia — Implications for the preservation of primary C isotope signals. Chem. Geol. 512 (2019), 43–57, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.002.
Kreitsmann, T., Lepland, A., Bau, M., Prave, A., Paiste, K., Mänd, K., Sepp, H., Martma, T., Romashkin, A.E., Kirsimäe, K., Oxygenated conditions in the aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event: The carbon isotope and rare earth element signatures of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation Russia. Precamb. Res., 347, 2020, 105855, 10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105855.
Kump, L.R., Arthur, M.A., Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: carbonates and organic matter. Chem. Geol. 161 (1999), 181–198, 10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00086-8.
Kump, L.R., Junium, C., Arthur, M.A., Brasier, A., Fallick, A., Melezhik, V., Lepland, A., CČrne, A.E., Luo, G., 2011. Isotopic evidence for massive oxidation of organic matter following the Great Oxidation Event. Science, 334, 1694–1696. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213999.
Kunimitsu, Y., Setsuda, Y., Furuyama, S., Wang, W., Kano, A., Ediacaran chemostratigraphy and paleoceanography at a shallow marine setting in northwestern Hunan Province, South China. Precambr. Res. 191 (2011), 194–208, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.006.
Laakso, T.A., Schrag, D.P., The role of authigenic carbonate in Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 549, 2020, 116534, 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116534.
Lan, Z., Sano, Y., Yahagi, T., Tanaka, K., Shirai, K., Papineau, D., Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Abe, M., Yang, H., Liu, H., Jiang, T., Wang, T., An integrated chemostratigraphic (δ13C-δ18O-87Sr/86Sr-δ15N) study of the Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei Province, South China. Precambr. Res. 320 (2019), 232–252, 10.1016/j.precamres.2018.10.018.
Le Guerroué, E., 2006. Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran Shuram Formation, Nafun Group, Oman, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland, https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331341.
Le Guerroué, E., Allen, P.A., Cozzi, A., Chemostratigraphic and sedimentological framework of the largest negative carbon isotopic excursion in Earth history: The Neoproterozoic Shuram Formation (Nafun Group, Oman). Precambr. Res. 146 (2006), 68–92, 10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.007.
Le Guerroué, E., Allen, P.A., Cozzi, A., Parasequence development in the Ediacaran Shuram Formation (Nafun Group, Oman): high-resolution stratigraphic test for primary origin of negative carbon isotopic ratios. Basin Res. 18 (2006), 205–219, 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2006.00292.x.
Le Guerroué, E., Allen, P.A., Cozzi, A., Etienne, J.L., Fanning, M., 50 Myr recovery from the largest negative δ13C excursion in the Ediacaran ocean. Terra Nova 18 (2006), 147–153, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00674.x.
Lee, C., Fike, D.A., Love, G.D., Sessions, A.L., Grotzinger, J.P., Summons, R.E., Fischer, W.W., Carbon isotopes and lipid biomarkers from organic-rich facies of the Shuram Formation, Sultanate of Oman. Geobiology 11 (2013), 406–419, 10.1111/gbi.12045.
Lenz, C., Götze, J., 2011. Manganese-Activated Cathodoluminescence of Selected Carbonate Minerals, Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Luminescence Studies in the Earth and Planetary Sciences (CORALS II), pp. 54.
Li, C., Love, G.D., Lyons, T.W., Fike, D.A., Sessions, A.L., Chu, X., A stratified redox model for the Ediacaran ocean. Science 328 (2010), 80–83, 10.1126/science.1182369.
Li, C., Hardisty, D.S., Luo, G., Huang, J., Algeo, T.J., Cheng, M., Shi, W., An, Z., Tong, J., Xie, S., Jiao, N., Lyons, T.W., Uncovering the spatial heterogeneity of Ediacaran carbon cycling. Geobiology 15 (2017), 211–224, 10.1111/gbi.12222.
Li, H., Zhang, S., Han, J., Zhong, T., Ding, J., Wu, H., Liu, P., Dong, J., Zhang, Z., Yang, T., Jiang, G., Astrochronologic calibration of the Shuram carbon isotope excursion with new data from South China. Global Planet. Change, 209, 2022, 103749, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103749.
Li, Z., Cao, M., Loyd, S.J., Algeo, T.J., Zhao, H., Wang, X., Zhao, L., Chen, Z.-Q., Transient and stepwise ocean oxygenation during the late Ediacaran Shuram Excursion: Insights from carbonate δ238U of northwestern Mexico. Precambr. Res., 344, 2020, 105741, 10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105741.
Lin, Z., Wang, Q., Feng, D., Liu, Q., Chen, D., Post-depositional origin of highly 13C-depleted carbonate in the Doushantuo cap dolostone in South China: Insights from petrography and stable carbon isotopes. Sed. Geol. 242 (2011), 71–79, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.10.009.
Ling, H.-F., Chen, X., Li, D., Wang, D., Shields-Zhou, G.A., Zhu, M., Cerium anomaly variations in Ediacaran–earliest Cambrian carbonates from the Yangtze Gorges area, South China: Implications for oxygenation of coeval shallow seawater. Precambr. Res. 225 (2013), 110–127, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.011.
Liu, J., Li, Z., Cheng, L., Li, J., Multiphase calcite cementation and fluids evolution of a deeply buried carbonate reservoir in the Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin NW China. Geofluids, 2017, 2017, 4813235, 10.1155/2017/4813235.
Liu, Y., Chen, W., Foley, S.F., Shen, Y., Chen, C., Li, J., Ou, X., He, D., Feng, Q., Lin, J., The largest negative carbon isotope excursions in neoproterozoic carbonates caused by recycled carbonatite volcanic ash. Science Bull. 66 (2021), 1925–1931, 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.021.
Loyd, S.J., Marenco, P.J., Hagadorn, J.W., Lyons, T.W., Kaufman, A.J., Sour-Tovar, F., Corsetti, F.A., Sustained low marine sulfate concentrations from the Neoproterozoic to the Cambrian: Insights from carbonates of northwestern Mexico and eastern California. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 339–340 (2012), 79–94, 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.032.
Loyd, S.J., Marenco, P.J., Hagadorn, J.W., Lyons, T.W., Kaufman, A.J., Sour-Tovar, F., Corsetti, F.A., Local δ34S variability in ∼580Ma carbonates of northwestern Mexico and the Neoproterozoic marine sulfate reservoir. Precambr. Res. 224 (2013), 551–569, 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.10.007.
Lu, M., Zhu, M., Zhang, J., Shields-Zhou, G., Li, G., Zhao, F., Zhao, X., Zhao, M., The DOUNCE event at the top of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, South China: Broad stratigraphic occurrence and non-diagenetic origin. Precambr. Res. 225 (2013), 86–109, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.018.
Macdonald, F.A., Strauss, J.V., Sperling, E.A., Halverson, G.P., Narbonne, G.M., Johnston, D.T., Kunzmann, M., Schrag, D.P., Higgins, J.A., The stratigraphic relationship between the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, the oxygenation of Neoproterozoic oceans, and the first appearance of the Ediacara biota and bilaterian trace fossils in northwestern Canada. Chem. Geol. 362 (2013), 250–272, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.032.
Macouin, M., Besse, J., Ader, M., Gilder, S., Yang, Z., Sun, Z., Agrinier, P., Combined paleomagnetic and isotopic data from the Doushantuo carbonates, South China: implications for the “snowball Earth” hypothesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 224 (2004), 387–398, 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.015.
Macouin, M., Ader, M., Moreau, M.-G., Poitou, C., Yang, Z., Sun, Z., Deciphering the impact of diagenesis overprint on negative δ13C excursions using rock magnetism: Case study of Ediacaran carbonates, Yangjiaping section, South China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 351–352 (2012), 281–294, 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.057.
Mason, R.A., Ion microprobe analysis of trace elements in calcite with an application to the cathodoluminescence zonation of limestone cements from the Lower Carboniferous of South Wales, U.K. Chem. Geol. 64 (1987), 209–224, 10.1016/0009-2541(87)90003-9.
McFadden, K.A., Huang, J., Chu, X., Jiang, G., Kaufman, A.J., Zhou, C., Yuan, X., Xiao, S., Pulsed oxidation and biological evolution in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 (2008), 3197–3202, 10.1073/pnas.0708336105.
McMurtry, G.M., Authigenic deposits. Steele, J.H., Thorpe, S.A., Turekian, K.K., (eds.) Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry: A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd Edition, 2009, Elsevier, Oxford, 325–335.
Meister, P., McKenzie, J.A., Vasconcelos, C., Bernasconi, S., Frank, M., Gutjahr, M., Schrag, D.P., Dolomite formation in the dynamic deep biosphere: results from the Peru Margin. Sedimentology 54 (2007), 1007–1032, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00870.x.
Melezhik, V., Fallick, A.E., Pokrovsky, B.G., Enigmatic nature of thick sedimentary carbonates depleted in 13C beyond the canonical mantle value: the challenges to our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Precambr. Res. 137 (2005), 131–165, 10.1016/j.precamres.2005.03.010.
Melezhik, V.A., Fallick, A.E., A widespread positive δ13Ccarb anomaly at around 2.33–2.06 Ga on the Fennoscandian Shield: a paradox?. Terra Nova 8 (1996), 141–157, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00738.x.
Melezhik, V.A., Pokrovsky, B.G., Fallick, A.E., Kuznetsov, A.B., Bujakaite, M.I., Constraints on 87Sr/86Sr of Late Ediacaran seawater: insight from Siberian high-Sr limestones. J. Geol. Soc. 166 (2009), 183–191, 10.1144/0016-76492007-171.
Melim, L.A., Westphal, H., Swart, P.K., Eberli, G.P., Munnecke, A., Questioning carbonate diagenetic paradigms: evidence from the Neogene of the Bahamas. Mar. Geol. 185 (2002), 27–53, 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00289-4.
Minguez, D., Kodama, K.P., Rock magnetic chronostratigraphy of the Shuram carbon isotope excursion: Wonoka Formation, Australia. Geology 45 (2017), 567–570, 10.1130/g38572.1.
Moynihan, D.P., Strauss, J.V., Nelson, L.L., Padget, C.D., Upper Windermere Supergroup and the transition from rifting to continent-margin sedimentation, Nadaleen River area, northern Canadian Cordillera. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 131 (2019), 1673–1701, 10.1130/B32039.1.
Pagel, M., Barbin, V., Blanc, P., Ohnenstetter, D., Cathodoluminescence in Geosciences. 2000, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XV, 514 pp.
Peng, Y., Jiang, G., Bao, H., Xiao, S., Kaufman, A.J., Zhou, C., Wang, J., Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane as the origin of extremely 13C-depleted calcite in the Doushantuo cap carbonates in South China. 2015, AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, B21A–B408.
Pierre, C., Blanc-Valleron, M.M., Caquineau, S., März, C., Ravelo, A.C., Takahashi, K., Alvarez Zarikian, C., Mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic characterization of authigenic carbonates from the methane-bearing sediments of the Bering Sea continental margin (IODP Expedition 323, Sites U1343–U1345). Deep Sea Res. Part II 125–126 (2016), 133–144, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.011.
Pokrovskii, B., Melezhik, V., Bujakaite, M., Carbon, oxygen, strontium, and sulfur isotopic compositions in late Precambrian rocks of the Patom Complex, central Siberia: Communication 1. results, isotope stratigraphy, and dating problems. Lithol. Min. Resour. 41 (2006), 450–474, 10.1134/s0024490206050063.
Pokrovsky, B.G., Bujakaite, M.I., Geochemistry of C, O, and Sr isotopes in the Neoproterozoic carbonates from the southwestern Patom paleobasin, southern Middle Siberia. Lithol. Min. Resour. 50 (2015), 144–169, 10.1134/s0024490215010046.
Pokrovsky, B.G., Bujakaite, M.I., Kolesnikova, A.A., Petrov, O.L., Khlebnikov, M.S., C, O, and Sr Isotope Geochemistry of the Vendian Shuram-Wonoka Anomaly and Associated Metasedimentary Rocks in the Inner Part of the Patom Upland (Central Siberia). Lithol. Min. Resour. 56 (2021), 390–417, 10.1134/S0024490221050047.
Prave, A.R., Kirsimäe, K., Lepland, A., Fallick, A.E., Kreitsmann, T., Deines, Y.E., Romashkin, A.E., Rychanchik, D.V., Medvedev, P.V., Moussavou, M., Bakakas, K., Hodgskiss, M.S.W., 2022. The grandest of them all: the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event and Earth's oxygenation. J. Geol. Soc. 179, jgs2021-036. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-036.
Pu, J.P., Bowring, S.A., Ramezani, J., Myrow, P., Raub, T.D., Landing, E., Mills, A., Hodgin, E., Macdonald, F.A., Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota. Geology 44 (2016), 955–958, 10.1130/g38284.1.
Rooney, A.D., Strauss, J.V., Brandon, A.D., Macdonald, F.A., A Cryogenian chronology: Two long-lasting synchronous Neoproterozoic glaciations. Geology 43 (2015), 459–462, 10.1130/g36511.1.
Rooney, A.D., Cantine, M.D., Bergmann, K.D., Gómez-Pérez, I., Al Baloushi, B., Boag, T.H., Busch, J.F., Sperling, E.A., Strauss, J.V., Calibrating the coevolution of Ediacaran life and environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117 (2020), 16824–16830, 10.1073/pnas.2002918117.
Rose, C.V., Fischer, W.W., Finnegan, S., Fike, D.A., Records of carbon and sulfur cycling during the Silurian Ireviken Event in Gotland, Sweden. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 246 (2019), 299–316, 10.1016/j.gca.2018.11.030.
Rothman, D.H., Hayes, J.M., Summons, R.E., Dynamics of the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100 (2003), 8124–8129, 10.1073/pnas.0832439100.
Saltzman, M.R., Thomas, E., Carbon isotope stratigraphy. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G.M., (eds.) The Geologic Time Scale, 2012, Elsevier, Boston, USA, 207–232, 10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00011-1.
Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Tahata, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Windley, B.F., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y., The Ediacaran radiogenic Sr isotope excursion in the Doushantuo Formation in the Three Gorges area, South China. Precambr. Res. 176 (2010), 46–64, 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.10.006.
Scheller, E.L., Grotzinger, J., Ingalls, M., Guttulatic calcite: A carbonate microtexture that reveals frigid formation conditions. Geology 50 (2021), 48–53, 10.1130/g49312.1.
Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9 (2012), 676–682, 10.1038/nmeth.1985.
Schmitz, M.D., Radiometric ages used in GTS2012. Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G.M., (eds.) The Geologic Time Scale, 2012, Elsevier, Boston, 1045–1082, 10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.15002-4.
Scholle, P.A., Arthur, M.A., Carbon isotope fluctuations in Cretaceous pelagic limestones: potential stratigraphic and petroleum exploration tool. AAPG Bull. 64 (1980), 67–87, 10.1306/2F91892D-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Schrag, D.P., Higgins, J.A., Macdonald, F.A., Johnston, D.T., Authigenic carbonate and the history of the global carbon cycle. Science 339 (2013), 540–543, 10.1126/science.1229578.
Shi, W., Li, C., Luo, G., Huang, J., Algeo, T.J., Jin, C., Zhang, Z., Cheng, M., Sulfur isotope evidence for transient marine-shelf oxidation during the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion. Geology 46 (2018), 267–270, 10.1130/g39663.1.
Shields, G., A widespread positive δ13C anomaly at around 2.33–2.06 Ga on the Fennoscandian Shield—Comment and Reply: Paradox lost?. Terra Nova 9 (1997), 148–151, 10.1046/j.1365-3121.1997.d01-76.x.
Shields, G., Stille, P., Brasier, M.D., Atudorei, N.V., Stratified oceans and oxygenation of the late Precambrian environment: a post glacial geochemical record from the Neoproterozoic of W. Mongolia. Terra Nova 9 (1997), 218–222, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00016.x.
Shields, G.A., Mills, B.J.W., Zhu, M., Raub, T.D., Daines, S.J., Lenton, T.M., Unique Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursions sustained by coupled evaporite dissolution and pyrite burial. Nat. Geosci. 12 (2019), 823–827, 10.1038/s41561-019-0434-3.
Śliwiński, M.G., Kitajima, K., Kozdon, R., Spicuzza, M.J., Fournelle, J.H., Denny, A., Valley, J.W., Secondary ion mass spectrometry bias on isotope ratios in dolomite–ankerite, Part II: δ13C matrix effects. Geostand. Geoanal. Res. 40 (2016), 173–184, 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2015.00380.x.
Śliwiński, M.G., Kozdon, R., Kitajima, K., Valley, J.W., Denny, A., Microanalysis of carbonate cement δ18O in a CO2-storage system seal: insights into the diagenetic history of the Eau Claire Formation (Upper Cambrian) Illinois Basin. AAPG Bulletin, 1003–1031, 2016, 10.1306/02031615065.
Śliwiński, M.G., Kitajima, K., Kozdon, R., Spicuzza, M.J., Denny, A., Valley, J.W., In situ δ13C and δ18O microanalysis by SIMS: A method for characterizing the carbonate components of natural and engineered CO2-reservoirs. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 57 (2017), 116–133, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.12.013.
Sommer, S.E., Cathodoluminescence of carbonates, 1. Characterization of cathodoluminescence from carbonate solid solutions. Chem. Geol. 9 (1972), 257–273, 10.1016/0009-2541(72)90064-2.
Sui, Y., Huang, C., Zhang, R., Wang, Z., Ogg, J., Astronomical time scale for the middle-upper Doushantuo Formation of Ediacaran in South China: Implications for the duration of the Shuram/Wonoka negative δ13C excursion. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 532, 2019, 109273, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109273.
Summons, R.E., Hayes, J.M., Principles of Molecular and Isotopic Biogeochemistry. Schopf, J.W., Klein, C., (eds.) The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study, 1992, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 83–93.
Tahata, M., Ueno, Y., Ishikawa, T., Sawaki, Y., Murakami, K., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y., Guo, J., Yoshida, N., Komiya, T., Carbon and oxygen isotope chemostratigraphies of the Yangtze platform, South China: Decoding temperature and environmental changes through the Ediacaran. Gondwana Res. 23 (2013), 333–353, 10.1016/j.gr.2012.04.005.
Talbot, M., Kelts, K., Primary and diagenetic carbonates in the anoxic sediments of Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. Geology 14 (1986), 912–916, 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<912:padcit>2.0.co;2.
Tang, Q., Cui, H., Zhang, F., Neoproterozoic Earth-life system. Precambr. Res., 368, 2022, 106486, 10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106486.
Tucker, M.E., Precambrian dolomites: petrographic and isotopic evidence that they differ from Phanerozoic dolomites. Geology 10 (1982), 7–12, 10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<7:PDPAIE>2.0.CO;2.
Valley, J.W., Kita, N.T., In situ oxygen isotope geochemistry by ion microprobe. Fayek, M., (eds.) Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in the Earth Sciences – Gleaning the Big Picture from a Small Spot, 2009, Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course 41, Toronto, 19–63.
Veizer, J., Holser, W.T., Wilgus, C.K., Correlation of 13C/12C and 34S/32S secular variations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44 (1980), 579–587, 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90250-1.
Wallmann, K., Aloisi, G., The Global Carbon Cycle: Geological Processes. Knoll, A.H., Canfield, D.E., Konhauser, K.O., (eds.) Fundamentals of Geobiology, 2012, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 20–35, 10.1002/9781118280874.ch3.
Wang, J., Jiang, G., Xiao, S., Li, Q., Wei, Q., Carbon isotope evidence for widespread methane seeps in the ca. 635 Ma Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China. Geology 36 (2008), 347–350, 10.1130/g24513a.1.
Wang, W., Zhou, C., Yuan, X., Chen, Z., Xiao, S., A pronounced negative δ13C excursion in an Ediacaran succession of western Yangtze Platform: A possible equivalent to the Shuram event and its implication for chemostratigraphic correlation in South China. Gondwana Res. 22 (2012), 1091–1101, 10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.017.
Wang, W., Guan, C., Zhou, C., Peng, Y., Pratt, L.M., Chen, X., Chen, L., Chen, Z., Yuan, X., Xiao, S., Integrated carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen isotope chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran Lantian Formation in South China: Spatial gradient, ocean redox oscillation, and fossil distribution. Geobiology 15 (2017), 552–571, 10.1111/gbi.12226.
Wang, W., Guan, C., Hu, Y., Cui, H., Muscente, A.D., Chen, L., Zhou, C., Spatial and temporal evolution of Ediacaran carbon and sulfur cycles in the Lower Yangtze Block, South China. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 537, 2020, 109417, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109417.
Wang, X., Shi, X., Jiang, G., Tang, D., Organic carbon isotope gradient and ocean stratification across the late Ediacaran-Early Cambrian Yangtze Platform. Sci. China Earth Sci. 57 (2014), 919–929, 10.1007/s11430-013-4732-0.
Wang, X., Jiang, G., Shi, X., Xiao, S., Paired carbonate and organic carbon isotope variations of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation from an upper slope section at Siduping, South China. Precambr. Res. 273 (2016), 53–66, 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.12.010.
Wang, Z., Wang, J., Kouketsu, Y., Bodnar, R.J., Gill, B.C., Xiao, S., Raman geothermometry of carbonaceous material in the basal Ediacaran Doushantuo cap dolostone: The thermal history of extremely negative δ13C signatures in the aftermath of the terminal Cryogenian snowball Earth glaciation. Precambr. Res. 298 (2017), 174–186, 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.06.013.
Warren, J.K., Interpreting Evaporite Textures. Warren, J.K., (eds.) Evaporites: A Geological Compendium, 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1–83, 10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_1.
Wei, W., Frei, R., Gilleaudeau, G.J., Li, D., Wei, G.-Y., Chen, X., Ling, H.-F., Oxygenation variations in the atmosphere and shallow seawaters of the Yangtze Platform during the Ediacaran Period: Clues from Cr-isotope and Ce-anomaly in carbonates. Precambr. Res. 313 (2018), 78–90, 10.1016/j.precamres.2018.05.009.
Wood, R.A., Poulton, S.W., Prave, A.R., Hoffmann, K.H., Clarkson, M.O., Guilbaud, R., Lyne, J.W., Tostevin, R., Bowyer, F., Penny, A.M., Curtis, A., Kasemann, S.A., Dynamic redox conditions control late Ediacaran metazoan ecosystems in the Nama Group, Namibia. Precambr. Res. 261 (2015), 252–271, 10.1016/j.precamres.2015.02.004.
Xiao, S., McFadden, K.A., Peek, S., Kaufman, A.J., Zhou, C., Jiang, G., Hu, J., Integrated chemostratigraphy of the Doushantuo Formation at the northern Xiaofenghe section (Yangtze Gorges, South China) and its implication for Ediacaran stratigraphic correlation and ocean redox models. Precambr. Res. 192–195 (2012), 125–141, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.021.
Xiao, S., Narbonne, G.M., Zhou, C., Laflamme, M., Grazhdankin, D.V., Moczydłowska-Vidal, M., Cui, H., 2016. Toward an Ediacaran time scale: Problems, protocols, and prospects. Episodes, 39, 540–555. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i4/103886.
Xiao, S., Cui, H., Kang, J., McFadden, K.A., Kaufman, A.J., Kitajima, K., Fournelle, J.H., Schwid, M., Nolan, M., Baele, J.-M., Valley, J.W., Using SIMS to decode noisy stratigraphic δ13C variations in Ediacaran carbonates. Precambr. Res., 343, 2020, 105686, 10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105686.
Xiao, S., Narbonne, G.M., 2020. The Ediacaran Period. In: Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G.M. (Eds.), Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier, pp. 521–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824360-2.00018-8.
Yang, C., Rooney, A.D., Condon, D.J., Li, X.-H., Grazhdankin, D.V., Bowyer, F.T., Hu, C., Macdonald, F.A., Zhu, M., The tempo of Ediacaran evolution. Science. Advances, 7, 2021, eabi9643, 10.1126/sciadv.abi9643.
Zhang, F., Xiao, S., Romaniello, S.J., Hardisty, D., Li, C., Melezhik, V., Pokrovsky, B., Cheng, M., Shi, W., Lenton, T.M., Anbar, A.D., Global marine redox changes drove the rise and fall of the Ediacara biota. Geobiology 17 (2019), 594–610, 10.1111/gbi.12359.
Zhang, Z., Zhu, G., Wu, G., Li, T., Feng, X., Jing, Y., Carbon isotopic chemostratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian successions in the northwestern Tarim Craton, NW China: Correlations with Gondwana supercontinent. Global Planet. Change, 208, 2022, 103702, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103702.
Zhao, M., Planavsky, N., Oehlert, A.M., Wei, G., Gong, Z., Simulating meteoric and mixing zone carbonate diagenesis with a two-dimensional reactive transport model. Am. J. Sci. 320 (2020), 599–636, 10.2475/09.2020.02.
Zhou, C., Xiao, S., Ediacaran δ13C chemostratigraphy of South China. Chem. Geol. 237 (2007), 89–108, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.021.
Zhou, C., Jiang, S., Xiao, S., Chen, Z., Yuan, X., Rare earth elements and carbon isotope geochemistry of the Doushantuo Formation in South China: Implication for middle Ediacaran shallow marine redox conditions. Chin. Sci. Bull. 57 (2012), 1998–2006, 10.1007/s11434-012-5082-6.
Zhou, C., Guan, C., Cui, H., Ouyang, Q., Wang, W., Methane-derived authigenic carbonate from the lower Doushantuo Formation of South China: Implications for seawater sulfate concentration and global carbon cycle in the early Ediacaran ocean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 461 (2016), 145–155, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.017.
Zhou, C., Xiao, S., Wang, W., Guan, C., Ouyang, Q., Chen, Z., The stratigraphic complexity of the middle Ediacaran carbon isotopic record in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China, and its implications for the age and chemostratigraphic significance of the Shuram excursion. Precambr. Res. 288 (2017), 23–38, 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.11.007.
Zhu, M., Strauss, H., Shields, G.A., From snowball earth to the Cambrian bioradiation: calibration of Ediacaran-Cambrian earth history in South China. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 254 (2007), 1–6, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.026.
Zhu, M., Zhang, J., Yang, A., Integrated Ediacaran (Sinian) chronostratigraphy of South China. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 254 (2007), 7–61, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.025.
Zhu, M., Lu, M., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Li, G., Yang, A., Zhao, X., Zhao, M., Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and sedimentary facies evolution of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei, South China. Precamb. Res. 225 (2013), 7–28, 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.019.
Zhu, M., Zhang, J., Yang, A., Li, G., Zhao, F., Lu, M., Yin, Z., Miao, L., Hu, C., 2022. Chapter 5 Neoproterozoic stratigraphy, depositional environments & hydrocarbon source-reservoir-seal bed assemblage in South China. In: Sun, S., Wang, T.-G. (Eds.), Meso-Neoproterozoic Geology and Petroleum Resources. Springer & Science Press, pp. In press.