COVID-19; Coronavirus; Olfactory; Otolaryngology; Recovery; Rhinology; SARS-CoV-2; Smell; Training; Otorhinolaryngology; General Medicine
Abstract :
[en] [en] OBJECTIVES: To investigate effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) in COVID-19 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD).
METHODS: From March 2020 to March 2022, COVID-19 patients with OD were prospectively followed in three European medical centers for a period of 18 months. A standardized OT protocol were recommended to patients. Patient-reported outcome questionnaires and psychophysical evaluations were used to evaluate olfaction at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months after the start of OT. The evolution of olfactory outcome was compared according to the adherence to the OT protocol.
RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients completed the evaluations. Thirty-two patients fully adhered to the OT, while 25 did not adhere. The psychophysical scores significantly improved from baseline to 6-month post-infection in both groups. In the OT group, the psychophysical scores continued to significantly improve from 6 to 12 months after the start of OT (p = 0.032). The mean duration of OT was 15.4 weeks. The mean delay of patient recovery perception was comparable between groups (27.4 weeks). The occurrence of cacosmia (35.1%) and parosmia (43.9%) throughout the follow-up period was comparable between groups. There proportion of phantosmia was higher in training (34.4%) compared with no-OT (16.0%; p = 0.007) group. The baseline Sniffin'Sticks tests was positively associated with the 6-month Sniffin'Sticks tests (rs = 0.685; p < 0.001) and negatively associated with the time of recovery (rs = - 0.369; p = 0.034).
CONCLUSIONS: The adherence to an OT protocol was associated with better mid-term improvement of psychophysical scores. Future large-cohort randomized-controlled studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of OT in COVID-19 patients.
Disciplines :
Otolaryngology
Author, co-author :
Lechien, Jerome R ; Department of Otolaryngology, Polyclinic of Poitiers, Elsan, Poitiers, France. Jerome.Lechien@umons.ac.be ; Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium. Jerome.Lechien@umons.ac.be ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France. Jerome.Lechien@umons.ac.be ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium. Jerome.Lechien@umons.ac.be
Vaira, Luigi A; Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy ; Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
Saussez, Sven ; Université de Mons - UMONS ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Effectiveness of olfactory training in COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction: a prospective study.
Publication date :
25 September 2022
Journal title :
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
ISSN :
0937-4477
eISSN :
1434-4726
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, Germany
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