神戸大学附属図書館デジタルアーカイブ
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https://doi.org/10.24546/00181186
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2024-04-24
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00181186 (fulltext)
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メタデータID
00181186
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open access
出版タイプ
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タイトル
軍事支出とODA : 日本のODA大綱の国際法的検討
グンジ シシュツ ト ODA ニホン ノ ODA タイコウ ノ コクサイホウテキ ケントウ
その他のタイトル
Legal Consideration of the Lower Military Expenditures Principle in the ODA Charter
著者
著者名
酒井, 啓亘
Sakai, Hironobu
サカイ, ヒロノブ
所属機関名
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
1(2)
ページ
43-64
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
1993-12
公開日
2007-04-11
抄録
The ODA Charter, which was adopted by Japan's Cabinet in June 1992, includes four basic principles: pursuing sustainability and development in tandem; avoidance of ODA for military purposes; paying attention to recipient countries' trend in military expenditure, production of mass destruction weapons and arms export and import; ·and paying attention to progress in democratisation, human rights and a market-oriented economy. We may say from the perspective of international law that these principles are related to three fields: environment; disarmament; and human rights. This article aims at considering the relevance of international law to the "lower military expenditures" principle in the ODA Charter, especially researching the relationship between disarmament and development. As to the relationship between disarmament and development, there are two different views. One is the reallocation by the developed, militarized countries of the resources obtained from the reduction of their .military expenditures to the developing countries' economic and social development. This is a topic of the discussion in the U.N. General Assembly, in which the developing countries have been in the majority since'60s. The other is the reduction of military expenditures by the developing countries, based on the growth experience of industrialized countries in the post-war era, where it is proven that high economic growth and excessive military expenditure cannot go together. The "lower military expenditures" principle in the ODA Charter is based on the latter, which is supported by the main donor countries and is reflected in the DAC principles. It is remarkable that it is applied only to the developing countries but not to the developed countries. It is likely that the principle is acceptable to the international community. The point is that objective criteria are needed to reduce the element of subjective judgment, and that the idea of reducing the excessive military expenditures, including the military aid, military exports to developing countries, is also applicable to developed countries. Moreover, it is necessary to clarify and specify the contents of the rights and obligations on the law of disarmament as long as the suspension of supply - the negative linkage between disarmament and development - is justified as the counter-measures against the recipient countries' act, which has to be contrary to the legal rules on disarmament in this case. Thus, the utility of the foreign economic assistance as a means of sanction must be involved with the progress of the law-making in the field of disarmament. Japan should take the initiative in not only applying the principle to the developing countries but also encouraging developed countries to reduce the excessive military expenditures to promote the transfer of the resources from North to South. This doesn't lead directly to universal acceptance of legal principle on the forcible transfer of the peace dividend, but it may be thought of as a point of departure for the settlement of the conflicts between developing and developed countries on the question of the economic assistance.
カテゴリ
国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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1巻
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1巻2号(1993-12)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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NCID
AN10418744
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関連情報
NAID
110000551417
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URI
http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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