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https://doi.org/10.24546/81003320
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2024-03-29
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タイトル
台湾の民主化アクター再考 : 1980年代環境汚染をめぐる「自力救済」運動を中心に
タイワン ノ ミンシュカ アクター サイコウ 1980ネンダイ カンキョウ オセン オ メグル ジリョク キュウサイ ウンドウ オ チュウシンニ
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Rethinking Actors in Taiwan's Democratization : Forcusing on the "Chu-lek kiu-che (Self-Help)" Movements over Environmental Pollution in 1980s
著者
著者名
酒井, 亨
Sakai, Toru
サカイ, トオル
所属機関名
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
収録物名
国際協力論集
巻(号)
19(1)
ページ
139-153
出版者
神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科
刊行日
2011-07
公開日
2011-08-22
抄録
Taiwan successfully achieved democratization ─ transition to democracy from authoritarianism ruled by dominant party, the Kuomingtang(KMT)or the Chinese Nationalist Party. Many scholars studying on Taiwan’s transition point out that it started around 1987, the year the martial law was lifted, by the voluntary reform policy by the KMT regime, or by the pact achieved between the moderates in the establishments and the anti-establishments. However this theory does not answer to the questions why an authoritarian regime willing to reform itself without being forced by the radical forces, and how they recognize as “the moderates” of the anti-establishments. Actually in Taiwan, from the first years of 1980s, there were many environmental movements professed themselves or were named as “chu-lek kiu-che” (in Hoklo - Taiwanese)or “self-help” spontaneously occurred in various parts and spread to every part of the country even before the year of the lifting of the martial law, and some of them use violence such as destroying the facilities of the factories. Because they were newly-born movements based on the newly-risen classes which the KMT had not ever imagined, the authoritarian government already did not have effective ability to control over or to suppress those movements. More over, before the lifting of the martial law the local forces of the KMT or pro-KMT joined or/and supported these protests and they played roles as if they are “radicals of the anti-establishment” as a result, although they themselves were not conscious of acting so, displaying the critical cleavage and inconsistency inside the KMT. So to say, the KMT regime was reluctantly obliged to make reform policy. In other words, so-called “top-down reform policy” such as the lifting of the martial law merely means confirmation of the existing facts that the authoritarian systems already deprived of their effect by the social forces, thus it is questionable to evaluate “the reform policies by the KMT regime” as the epoch-making events. This essay proves that the environmental “self-help” movements in 1980s played an important role in order to break through the authoritarian systems, and opened up the democratization and then presents the new suggestion about the theory of democratization of Taiwan.
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国際協力研究科
国際協力論集
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19巻
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19巻1号(2011-07)
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資源タイプ
departmental bulletin paper
言語
Japanese (日本語)
ISSN
0919-8636
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AN10418744
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110008584246
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http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-publication/jics/
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