(eng)
The growing need for residential housing in Latin American countries has led to the construction of reinforced concrete buildings with wall thicknesses as low as 8–10 cm. Such walls have typically only a single layer of vertical rebars and are therefore particularly susceptible to out-of-plane failure. In order to investigate the response of the corresponding wall boundary elements, twelve reinforced concrete members with a single layer of vertical rebars were tested under tension–compression cycles. The objective was to gain insight into the parameters governing wall instability and out-of-plane failure, namely the thickness, reinforcement ratio, and eccentricity of the longitudinal rebars with respect to the member axis. This paper summarises the results of the test program, where the specimens' response is analysed also at the global and local levels. The results show that the crack pattern has an important influence on the out-of-plane behaviour and the conditions leading to out-of-plane failure are described. Furthermore, the differences between members with a single layer of vertical rebars and members with two layers are discussed. The influence of the parameters considered in the experimental program is addressed, showing that sections with small thickness and large reinforcement content are more prone to out-of-plane failures. Finally, predictions given by existing models are compared to the new experimental data. The entire data set is publicly available.
Acevedo CE, Creagh A, Moehle JP, et al (2010) Seismic vulnerability of non-special boundary element of shear wall under axial force reversals. Report, Florida International University and University of California, Berkley, USA
Almeida João, Prodan Ovidiu, Rosso Angelica, Beyer Katrin, Tests on Thin Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Cyclic Loading, 10.1193/101915eqs154dp
Arteta CA, Sánchez J, Daza R, et al (2017) Global and local demand limits of thin reinforced concrete structural wall building systems. In: 16th world conference on earthquake engineering. Santiago, Chile
Carrillo J, Alcocer SM, Aperador W (2013) Propiedades mecánicas del concreto para viviendas de bajo costo. Ing Investig y Tecnol 14:285–298
CEB (1978) Model code for concrete structures. Comité Euro International du Béton, Paris
CEN (2004) Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
Chai YH, Elayer DT (1999) Lateral stability of reinforced concrete columns under axial reversed cyclic tension and compression. ACI Struct J 96:1–10
Chrysanidis TA, Tegos IA (2012) The influence of tension strain of wall ends to their resistance against lateral instability for low-reinforced concrete walls. In: 15th world conference on earthquake engineering. Lisboa, Portugal
Creagh A, Acevedo C, Moehle JP, et al (2010) Seismic performance of concrete special boundary element. Report, University of Texas at Austin and University of California Berkley, USA
Dashti Farhad, Dhakal Rajesh P., Pampanin Stefano, Blind prediction of in-plane and out-of-plane responses for a thin singly reinforced concrete flanged wall specimen, 10.1007/s10518-017-0211-x
FIB (2010) Model code for concrete structures. Fédération Internationale du Béton, Lausanne
González V, Botero JC, Rochel R et al (2005) Propiedades mecánicas del acero de refuerzo utilizado en Colombia. Ing y Cienc 1:67–76
Goodsir WJ (1985) The design of coupled frame-wall structures for seismic actions. PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Kelly Herrick C., Kowalsky Mervyn J., Out-of-Plane Buckling of Ductile Reinforced Structural Walls due to In-Plane Loads, 10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001660
Hilson CW, Segura CL, Wallace JW (2014) Experimental study of longitudinal reinforcement buckling in reinforced concrete structural wall boundary elements. In: 10th U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering. Anchorage, Alaska
Mejia LG, Ortiz JC, Osorio G. LI (2004) Housing report—concrete shear wall buildings, report #109. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE), Colombia
Menegon SJ, Wilson JL, Gad EF, Lam NTK (2015) Out-of-plane buckling of limited ductile reinforced concrete walls under cyclic loads. In: 2015 NZSEE conference. Rotorua, New Zealand
Miranda E, Thompson CL, Bertero VV (1990) Cyclic behaviour of shear wall boundary elements incorporating prefabricated welded wire hoops. Report to sponsor Baumann engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California at Berkley, USA
NDI (2009) Optotrak certus HD, Northern Digital Inc.
http://www.ndigital.com/industrial/certushd.php
. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
NSR-10 (2010) Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente—Comisión Asesora Permanente para el Règimen de Construcciones Sismo Resistentes. Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Parra PF (2016) Stability of reinforced concrete wall boundaries. PhD Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Parra PF, Moehle JP (2014) Lateral Buckling in Reinforced Concrete Walls. In: 10th U.S. National conference on earthquake engineering. Anchorage, Alaska
Paulay T, Goodsir WJ (1985) The ductility of structural walls. Bull N Z Natl Soc Earthq Eng 18:250–269
Rosso Angelica, Almeida João P., Beyer Katrin, Stability of thin reinforced concrete walls under cyclic loads: state-of-the-art and new experimental findings, 10.1007/s10518-015-9827-x
Rosso A, Almeida JP, Beyer K (2017a) Numerical simulation with fibre beam-column models of thin RC columns under cyclic tensile-compressive loading. In: 16th World conference on earthquake engineering. Santiago, Chile
Rosso A, Jimenez-Roa LA, Almeida JP, Beyer K (2017b) Instability of thin single-layered RC walls under cyclic loading: numerical simulation of walls and improved equivalent boundary elements. Submitted to: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
Rosso A, Jiménez L, Almeida JP, Beyer K (2017c) Experimental campaign on thin RC columns prone to out-of-plane instability: numerical simulation using shell element models. In: VIII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sísmica. Barranquilla, Colombia
Scolari M (2017) Implementation of PARC_CL 2.0 crack model for reinforced concrete members subjected to cyclic and dynamic loading. PhD Thesis, Parma, Italy
SIA (1989) SIA 162, Material tests. Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects, Zurich, Switzerland
Sritharan Sri, Beyer Katrin, Henry Richard S., Chai Y. H., Kowalsky Mervyn, Bull Desmond, Understanding Poor Seismic Performance of Concrete Walls and Design Implications, 10.1193/021713eqs036m
Taleb Rafik, Tani Masanori, Kono Susumu, Performance of Confined Boundary Regions of RC Walls under Cyclic Reversal Loadings, 10.3151/jact.14.108
Wallace John W., Massone Leonardo M., Bonelli Patricio, Dragovich Jeff, Lagos René, Lüders Carl, Moehle Jack, Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall Buildings, 10.1193/1.4000047
Welt TS, Massone LM, LaFave JM, et al (2016) Confinement behavior of rectangular reinforced concrete prisms simulating wall boundary elements. ASCE Struct J 318
Bibliographic reference
Rosso, Angelica ; Jimenez-Roa, Lisandro A. ; Saraiva Esteves Pacheco De Almeida, João ; Zuniga, Aydee Patricia Guerrero ; Blandón, Carlos A. ; et. al. Cyclic tensile-compressive tests on thin concrete boundary elements with a single layer of reinforcement prone to out-of-plane instability. In: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 859-887 (2018)
Zuniga, Aydee Patricia Guerrero
Blandón, Carlos A.
Beyer, Katrin
