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Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity

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Janssen,  Lieneke
Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany;

Mahner,  Florian
Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;

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Schlagenhauf,  Florian
Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany;

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Deserno,  Lorenz
Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany;
Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, United Kingdom;
The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom;

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Horstmann,  Annette
Department Neurology, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society;
Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany;
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland;

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Citation

Janssen, L., Mahner, F., Schlagenhauf, F., Deserno, L., & Horstmann, A. (2019). Reliance on model-based and model-free control in obesity. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/6s47t.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0004-BA23-3
Abstract
Consuming more energy than is expended may reflect a failure of control over eating behaviour in obesity. Behavioural control arises from a balance between two dissociable strategies of reinforcement learning: model-free and model-based. We hypothesized that weight status relates to an imbalance in reliance on model-based and model-free control, and that it may do so in a linear or quadratic manner. To test this, 90 healthy participants in a wide BMI range (normal-weight (n=31), overweight (n=29), obese (n=30)) performed a sequential decision-making task. The primary analysis indicated that obese participants relied less on model-based control than overweight and normal-weight participants, with no difference between overweight and normal-weight participants. In line, secondary continuous analyses revealed a negative linear, but not quadratic, relationship between BMI and model-based control. Computational modelling of choice behaviour suggested that a mixture of both strategies was shifted towards less model-based control in obese participants. Furthermore, exploratory analyses of separate weights for model-free and model-based control showed stronger reliance on model-free control with increased BMI. Our findings suggest that obesity may indeed be related to an imbalance in behavioural control as expressed in a phenotype of less model-based control potentially resulting from enhanced reliance on model-free computations.