Detection of extended γ-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S.

H.E.S.S. Collaboration; Aharonian, F.; Ait Benkhali, F.; Aschersleben, J.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Batzofin, R.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Bi, B.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Borowska, J.; Bouyahiaoui, M.; Bradascio, F.; Brose, R.; Brun, F.; Bruno, B.; Bulik, T.; Burger-Scheidlin, C.; Cangemi, F.; Caroff, S.; Casanova, S.; Celic, J.; Cerruti, M.; Chambery, P.; Chand, T.; Chandra, S.; Chen, A.; Chibueze, J.; Chibueze, O.; Cotter, G.; Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.; Devin, J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Egberts, K.; Einecke, S.; Ernenwein, J.-P.; Feijen, K.; Fichet de Clairfontaine, G.; Filipovic, M.; Fontaine, G.; Füßling, M.; Funk, S.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Ghafourizadeh, S.; Giavitto, G.; Giunti, L.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Goswami, P.; Grolleron, G.; Grondin, M.-H.; Haerer, L.; Haupt, M.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Huang, Zhiqiu; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, F.; Joshi, V.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Katarzyński, K.; Khélifi, B.; Kluźniak, W.; Komin, Nu.; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Lang, R. G.; Le Stum, S.; Leitl, F.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.-P.; Leuschner, F.; Lohse, T.; Luashvili, A.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Marinos, P.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Mitchell, A.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Montanari, A.; Moulin, E.; Muller, J.; Nakashima, K.; de Naurois, M.; Niemiec, J.; Priyana Noel, A.; O’Brien, P.; Ohm, S.; Olivera Nieto, L.; de Wilhelmi, E. Ona; Ostrowski, M.; Panny, S.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Peron, G.; Prokhorov, D. A.; Pühlhofer, G.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud, M.; Reville, B.; Rieger, F.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rueda Ricarte, H.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Salzmann, H.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schüssler, F.; Schutte, H. M.; Schwanke, U.; Shapopi, J. N. S.; Sinha, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steinmassl, S.; Sushch, I.; Suzuki, H.; Takahashi, T.; Tanaka, T.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Thorpe-Morgan, C.; Tsirou, M.; Tsuji, N.; Vecchi, M.; Venter, C.; Vink, J.; Wagner, S. J.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wong, Yu Wun; Zacharias, M.; Zargaryan, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zouari, S.; Żywucka, N.

doi:10.22323/1.395.0780

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Detection of extended γ-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S.

MPS-Authors

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Aharonian, F.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30300

Bernlöhr, K.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons269770

Bouyahiaoui, M.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291361

Haerer, L.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30584

Hermann, G.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30597

Hinton, J. A.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30605

Hofmann, W.
Prof. Werner Hofmann, Emeriti, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291841

Huang, Zhiqiu
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37725

Marandon, V.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons267367

Mohrmann, L.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons242418

Olivera Nieto, L.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30878

Panter, M.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30940

Reville, B.
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30943

Rieger, F.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252628

Ruiz-Velasco, E.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons240503

Steinmassl, S.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291920

Tsirou, M.
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons146341

White, R.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Aschersleben, J., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., et al. (2023). Detection of extended γ-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with H.E.S.S. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 673: A148. doi:10.22323/1.395.0780.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-E934-6

Abstract

Geminga is an enigmatic radio-quiet γ-ray pulsar located at a mere 250 pc distance from Earth. Extended very-high-energy γ-ray emission around the pulsar was discovered by Milagro and later confirmed by HAWC, which are both water Cherenkov detector-based experiments. However, evidence for the Geminga pulsar wind nebula in gamma rays has long evaded detection by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) despite targeted observations. The detection of γ-ray emission on angular scales ≳2º poses a considerable challenge for the background estimation in IACT data analysis. With recent developments in understanding the complementary background estimation techniques of water Cherenkov and atmospheric Cherenkov instruments, the H.E.S.S. IACT array can now confirm the detection of highly extended γ-ray emission around the Geminga pulsar with a radius of at least 3º in the energy range 0.5–40 TeV. We find no indications for statistically significant asymmetries or energy-dependent morphology. A flux normalisation of (2.8 ± 0.7) × 10⁻¹² cm⁻² s⁻¹ TeV−1 at 1 TeV is obtained within a 1º radius region around the pulsar. To investigate the particle transport within the halo of energetic leptons around the pulsar, we fitted an electron diffusion model to the data. The normalisation of the diffusion coefficient obtained of D₀ = 7.6_−1.2^+1.5 × 10²⁷ cm² s⁻¹, at an electron energy of 100 TeV, is compatible with values previously reported for the pulsar halo around Geminga, which is considerably below the Galactic average.