EU external representation post-Lisbon: the performance of EU diplomacy in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine

The European Union (EU) today has quasi-embassies at its disposal in third countries - the EU delegations - which represent the Union's eyes, ears and face. Following the Treaty of Lisbon, these delegations assumed the role of the rotating Presidencies and oversee the conduct of EU diplomatic affairs. In practice, this implies representing the EU and cooperating with EU member states' embassies on matters not only relevant for aid and trade, but also for foreign and security policy. By employing performance criteria such as effectiveness, relevance and capability, this article uncovers the particularities of the practices of European diplomatic cooperation among EU delegations and national embassies in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Minsk, Chisinau and Kiev from 2013-2016, the article explores practices of European cooperation abroad, shows how EU diplomatic actors identify a common approach and emphasizes certain capability issues faced by the EU in these countries.