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Quantitative wave function analysis for excited states of transition metal complexes

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journal contribution
posted on 2018-08-02, 09:08 authored by Sebastian Mai, Felix PlasserFelix Plasser, Johann Dorn, Maria Fumanal, Chantal Daniel, Leticia Gonzalez
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The character of an electronically excited state is one of the most important descriptors employed to discuss the photophysics and photochemistry of transition metal complexes. In transition metal complexes, the interaction between the metal and the different ligands gives rise to a rich variety of excited states, including metal-centered, intra-ligand, metal-to-ligand charge transfer, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer states. Most often, these excited states are identified by considering the most important wave function excitation coefficients and inspecting visually the involved orbitals. This procedure is tedious, subjective, and imprecise. Instead, automatic and quantitative techniques for excited-state characterization are desirable. In this contribution we review the concept of charge transfer numbers—as implemented in the TheoDORE package—and show its wide applicability to characterize the excited states of transition metal complexes. Charge transfer numbers are a formal way to analyze an excited state in terms of electron transitions between groups of atoms based only on the well-defined transition density matrix. Its advantages are many: it can be fully automatized for many excited states, is objective and reproducible, and provides quantitative data useful for the discussion of trends or patterns. We also introduce a formalism for spin–orbit-mixed states and a method for statistical analysis of charge transfer numbers. The potential of this technique is demonstrated for a number of prototypical transition metal complexes containing Ir, Ru, and Re. Topics discussed include orbital delocalization between metal and carbonyl ligands, nonradiative decay through metal-centered states, effect of spin–orbit couplings on state character, and comparison among results obtained from different electronic structure methods.

Funding

S.M., F.P., and L.G. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) within project I2883 and the University of Vienna. The Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC3) is acknowledged for computational time. M.F. and C.D. acknowledge funding from the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) within project ANR-15-CE29-0027 and the FRC and Labex CSC (ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC).

History

School

  • Science

Department

  • Chemistry

Published in

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

Volume

361

Pages

74 - 97

Citation

MAI, S. ... et al., 2018. Quantitative wave function analysis for excited states of transition metal complexes. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 361, pp. 74-97.

Publisher

© Elsevier

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Publisher statement

This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Acceptance date

2018-01-23

Publication date

2018

Notes

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Coordination Chemistry Reviews and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.019

ISSN

0010-8545

Language

  • en