Time-domain surface impedance boundary conditions enhanced by coarse volume finite-element discretisation

In computational magnetodynamics, surface impedance boundary conditions allow to accurately account for high-frequency flux components while removing the massive conducting regions from the computation domain. The time-domain approach previously proposed by the authors relies on the spatial discretisation of a 1-D eddy-current problem by means of dedicated basis functions derived from the analytical frequency-domain solution. In this paper, these time-domain impedance conditions are combined with a coarse volume finite-element discretisation of the massive conductors to capture slowly varying flux components. The accuracy of the hybrid approach can further be improved by introducing a fictitious frequency-dependent conductivity. The method is illustrated and validated by means of 1-D and 2-D test cases in the frequency and time domain.