Soil heterotrophic respiration; croplands; process description; semi-mechanistic models; Respiration hétérotrophe; sol agricole; description du processus; modèles semi-mécanistes
Abstract :
[en] Soil heterotrophic respiration is a complex process which is governed by many biotic and abiotic factors. More specifically, in the agricultural ecosystems the influence of cultural practices and residue management techniques is important. Global change impacts on the phenomenon are still unclear. Some studies suggest that a positive feedback may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to get to a better knowledge of the mechanisms involved. To reach this goal, many semimechanistic models have been developed. Compared to empiric models, they allow a better understanding of soil carbon dynamics by distributing total soil carbon content into several pools. This carbon allocation is based on carbon decomposition constants. However, these models work at very different spatial and temporal scales and many differences exist between them. These ones are put forward in this paper and the main biotic and abiotic soil heterotrophic respiration factors are also described. [fr] La respiration hétérotrophe du sol est un processus complexe. De nombreux facteurs biotiques et abiotiques le gouvernent. Dans les écosystèmes agricoles plus particulièrement, l’influence des pratiques culturales et du mode de gestion des résidus de culture est considérable. Les effets du changement climatique sur le phénomène sont encore incertains. Certaines études
tendent à montrer qu’une rétroaction positive pourrait s’exercer. Une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes à l’oeuvre est donc indispensable. Pour y arriver, de nombreux modèles semi-mécanistes ont été mis au point. L’amélioration majeure qu’ils ont développée par rapport aux modèles empiriques consiste à répartir le contenu en carbone du sol en différents réservoirs
pour décrire plus précisément la dynamique du carbone dans le sol. Cette répartition s’effectue sur base des constantes de décomposition. Cependant, les principaux modèles actuels couvrent des échelles spatio-temporelles très variées et présentent de nombreuses différences entre eux. Celles-ci sont mises en évidence dans cet article et les principaux facteurs directeurs du processus sont également passés en revue.
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