Publication: Metodología para la mejora del diseño de sistemas mecánicos de responsabilidad para el uso de tecnologías avanzadas de mantenimiento DM&M
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Publication date
2017-10
Defense date
2017-12-18
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Tutors
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Abstract
El ferrocarril es uno de los medios de transporte más utilizados y seguros en la actualidad,
jugando un papel muy importante en la movilidad de las personas entre territorios. Además, en
los últimos años está experimentando un crecimiento significativo, impulsado por la Alta
Velocidad, con trenes capaces de superar los 300 km/h que reducen ostensiblemente la
duración de viajes en trayectos de largo recorrido.
El mantenimiento del parque ferroviario en un estado de funcionamiento óptimo es
prioritario para la operatividad y la seguridad de los servicios. Esto requiere un conocimiento del
estado de la vía y de los vehículos ferroviarios, lo cual suele hacerse vía técnicas de auscultación
y análisis de parámetros vibratorios.
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha desarrollado una metodología original encaminada al
establecimiento de un procedimiento de diagnóstico del estado de los elementos mecánicos de
un sistema ferroviario de alta velocidad mediante el análisis de vibraciones. Esta metodología
engloba todos los procesos necesarios para realizar la diagnosis del estado operativo: definición
del sistema mecánico analizado, establecimiento de las condiciones de medida, definición del
sistema de medida y del sistema de adquisición y registro de datos, acceso y gestión de la base
de datos de vibración, selección y consolidación de los datos, tratamiento de los datos mediante
técnicas de análisis de señal, en el dominio del tiempo, de la frecuencia y del tiempo-frecuencia
y selección de indicadores del estado operativo del sistema.
La metodología se aplica a un Tren de Alta Velocidad durante su operación comercial,
registrando medidas de las señales de vibración en diferentes condiciones de velocidad,
trayecto, tramo y estado operativo. Las medidas vibratorias se han analizado utilizando diversas
técnicas de tratamiento de señales en los dominios del tiempo, de la frecuencia y del tiempofrecuencia,
algunas tomadas de la literatura técnica y otras originales, desarrolladas
expresamente para esta investigación. La interpretación de los resultados obtenidos ha
permitido la selección de indicadores del estado operativo del vehículo ferroviario.
Para facilitar las tareas de selección y análisis de los datos de vibraciones, se ha concebido
una herramienta informática que implementa todas las técnicas de tratamiento de la señal
utilizadas. La aplicación software desarrollada dispone de una interfaz gráfica que permite
acotar las señales vibratorias a procesar y acceder a todas las técnicas de análisis. Además,
permite generar automáticamente informes de los resultados gráficos obtenidos e ir generando
un histórico de resultados.
Tanto la metodología propuesta como la herramienta software desarrollada tienen un carácter
generalista, serían aplicables a cualquier otro sistema mecánico de similares características.
Railway is one of the most used and safest modes of transportation today, playing a key role in the mobility of people between territories. In addition, it is undergoing a significant growth driven by High Speed Rail in recent years. High Speed Trains are able to exceed 300 km/h and reduce significantly the duration of travel on long journeys. The maintenance of rolling stock in a good working order is a priority for the operation and safety of the commercial services. This requires the knowledge of the condition of the track and the rail vehicles, which is usually done via auscultation techniques and analysis of vibratory parameters. In this Doctoral Thesis, it has been developed an original methodology aimed at the development of a procedure for diagnosing the state of the mechanical elements of a high-speed rail system through the analysis of vibrations. This methodology encompasses all the processes necessary to perform the operating state diagnosis: definition of the analysed mechanical system, definition of measurement conditions, definition of the measurement system and of the data acquisition and registration system, access and management of the vibration data database, selection and consolidation of data, data processing through signal analysis techniques, in time, frequency and time-frequency domains, and selection of indicators of the operating state of the system. The methodology is applied to a High Speed Train in commercial operation, recording the measurements of the vibration signals in different conditions of speed, path, section and operating state. Vibratory measurements have been analysed using different signal processing techniques in time, frequency and time-frequency domains; some techniques have been taken from the literature and other are original techniques, developed specifically for this research. The interpretation of the obtained results has led to the selection of indicators of the operating state of the railway vehicle. To facilitate the tasks of selection and analysis of vibration data, it has been designed a computer tool that implements all the used signal processing techniques. The developed application software has a graphical interface that allows to set the vibratory signals to process and to access to all the analysis techniques. In addition, it allows to automatically generate reports of the graphic results and to create a history of results. Both the proposed methodology and the developed software tool have a general nature, they would be applicable to any other mechanical system of similar characteristics.
Railway is one of the most used and safest modes of transportation today, playing a key role in the mobility of people between territories. In addition, it is undergoing a significant growth driven by High Speed Rail in recent years. High Speed Trains are able to exceed 300 km/h and reduce significantly the duration of travel on long journeys. The maintenance of rolling stock in a good working order is a priority for the operation and safety of the commercial services. This requires the knowledge of the condition of the track and the rail vehicles, which is usually done via auscultation techniques and analysis of vibratory parameters. In this Doctoral Thesis, it has been developed an original methodology aimed at the development of a procedure for diagnosing the state of the mechanical elements of a high-speed rail system through the analysis of vibrations. This methodology encompasses all the processes necessary to perform the operating state diagnosis: definition of the analysed mechanical system, definition of measurement conditions, definition of the measurement system and of the data acquisition and registration system, access and management of the vibration data database, selection and consolidation of data, data processing through signal analysis techniques, in time, frequency and time-frequency domains, and selection of indicators of the operating state of the system. The methodology is applied to a High Speed Train in commercial operation, recording the measurements of the vibration signals in different conditions of speed, path, section and operating state. Vibratory measurements have been analysed using different signal processing techniques in time, frequency and time-frequency domains; some techniques have been taken from the literature and other are original techniques, developed specifically for this research. The interpretation of the obtained results has led to the selection of indicators of the operating state of the railway vehicle. To facilitate the tasks of selection and analysis of vibration data, it has been designed a computer tool that implements all the used signal processing techniques. The developed application software has a graphical interface that allows to set the vibratory signals to process and to access to all the analysis techniques. In addition, it allows to automatically generate reports of the graphic results and to create a history of results. Both the proposed methodology and the developed software tool have a general nature, they would be applicable to any other mechanical system of similar characteristics.
Description
Mención Internacional en el título de doctor
Keywords
Tecnología ferroviaria, Vibraciones mecánicas, Rodamientos mecánicos, Tren de alta velocidad, AVE S100