Publication: Contra el evangelio del desarrollo o por qué volver a leer a Ivan Illich
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2022-10-11
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Abstract
La historia del desarrollo está estrechamente ligada a la de la necesidad en el mundo contemporáneo. La crítica a esta articulación ha ganado fuerza en los últimos años, pero quizás la más profunda se encuentre en Ivan Illich y su epílogo a la sociedad postindustrial. La propuesta de Illich, diseminada a lo largo de toda su obra, implica tomar el concepto de necesidad desde un punto de vista humanístico o filosófico: ni la economía ni la psicología pueden agotar el significado de la necesidad. Este artículo trata de recontextualizar el pensamiento illicheano, de amplia repercusión en la actualidad porque sirve de base para movimientos sociales y políticos en contra del consumo (satisfacción de necesidades) y del desarrollo (teorías decrecentistas). En definitiva, se puede considerar a Illich como un hereje frente al evangelio desarrollista.
The history of development is closely tied to need in today’s world. Criticism of this link has grown in recent years, but perhaps it is Ivan Illich who made the most profound criticism in what he called an epilogue to post-industrial society. Illich’s proposal, scattered throughout nearly all his work, implies taking need as a humanistic or philosophical concept: neither economics nor psychology can exhaust the meaning of need. This paper tries to re-contextualize Illich’s thinking for the present, as it has been taken as a basis for social and political movements such as anti-consumerism (satisfaction of needs) or degrowth groups (against all kinds of economic development). In short, Illich can be considered a heretic against the gospel of development.
The history of development is closely tied to need in today’s world. Criticism of this link has grown in recent years, but perhaps it is Ivan Illich who made the most profound criticism in what he called an epilogue to post-industrial society. Illich’s proposal, scattered throughout nearly all his work, implies taking need as a humanistic or philosophical concept: neither economics nor psychology can exhaust the meaning of need. This paper tries to re-contextualize Illich’s thinking for the present, as it has been taken as a basis for social and political movements such as anti-consumerism (satisfaction of needs) or degrowth groups (against all kinds of economic development). In short, Illich can be considered a heretic against the gospel of development.
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Sociedad Industrial, Evangelio del Desarrollo, Visión Humanística, Decrecentismo, Industrial Society, Gospel of Development, Humanistic Approach, Degrowth
Bibliographic citation
Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura, Vol. 198, N. 805 (julio-septiembre 2022)