DUGiDocsEl Turismo en Cuba: Desarrollo, Retos y Perspectivas = Tourism in Cuba: Development, Challenges, Perspectives
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The main aim of this article is to adopt an economic-geographical approach to analyze the
evolution of tourism in Cuba and its possibilities for further development. Among other
aspects, the socio-economic and political history of Cuba, particularly during the second half of
the 20th century, was linked to the development of tourism, and very much dependent on
relations with the United States, its close neighbor to the north. After the Revolution, open
hostility between Cuba and the US from 1959 onwards meant that the island turned its
attention to the Canadian, European and Latin American tourist market to develop this sector.
From 2015 following the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries
which had been broken decades before, an inmediate increment took place in the visits of
Americans to Cuba (by air and sea), although many of the limitations established by the US
government over the past 50 years remain in place. While this change has aroused hopes in
many businesspeople, investors, and national and foreign tourism operators. The increment of
the tourism sector only lasted until Donald Trump became the President of the United States
in 2017. It was followed by a reinforced economic, financial and commercial policy of blockade
against Cuba set in place in 1962 together with the increments in legal obstacles to grant the
permits required to travel to Cuba. Moreover, it has caused changes to Cuban economic
dynamics due to the current development of small and medium-sized private providers of
accommodation, catering and transportation services, among others, and the effects of this
are yet to be determined with regard to improving the quality of life of the Cuban population
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