Efectivitat de la dieta cetogènica en l’epilèpsia refractària infantil: projecte de recerca
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Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide, prevalent
in children, adolescents, and the elderly, characterized by recurrent seizures
caused by abnormal electrical discharges from the brain. Most can be controlled
with 1 or 2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but there are cases where seizures
resistant to these can develop. Surgery may be effective, but only in those cases
where seizures always occur in a single area of the brain. For this reason, the
ketogenic diet is one of the therapeutic options used. Its use has been used for
more than 80 years as a treatment for refractory epilepsy, thanks to the benefits
it produces by simulating the metabolic effect of fasting, encouraging the body to
use fat as a primary source of energy instead of 'carbohydrates. However,
published scientific evidence is limited. For this reason, a study is proposed
whose main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet as a
treatment in children with refractory epilepsy compared to the Mediterranean diet.
Methodology: Randomized clinical trial. Participants will be children aged 7 to 9
years with refractory epilepsy with a minimum of 1 year of development who meet
the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An ad hoc questionnaire will be used as a
study data collection tool.
Two groups will be differentiated, an experimental group which will be subdivided
into 4 groups which will receive a different type of ketogenic diet and a control
group that will follow a Mediterranean dietary pattern. The administered dietary
guidelines will be performed for 4 months and each month there will be a count
of the number of seizures, improvements in quality of life and possible adverse
effects. The statistical analysis of the data obtained will be carried out using the
statistical program SPSS