Infraestructura verde y planeamiento: método basado en las contribuciones de la naturaleza a las personas. El caso de Cuenca-Ecuador
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Although a globally recognized phenomenon, the growth of urban agglomerations presents particularities according to the local context. In Cuenca – Ecuador, expansive urban growth, especially during the twentieth century, has generated social and environmental conflicts, putting at risk the capacity of ecosystems to contribute to the benefit of people. Territory fragmentation due to urbanization is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, significantly affecting ecosystems and, ultimately, the health and stability of the planet. This work proposes a project device, Green Infrastructure (GI), considered to be a strategic planning instrument that seeks to achieve a mutual benefit between nature conservation and urban development. Among the main functions of the GI are to protect biodiversity, and also, to preserve and improve Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). NCPs, expanding the concept of Ecosystem Services (ES), are defined as positive and negative contributions of living nature to people's quality of life, promoting a holistic understanding of the relationship between people and nature.
Despite the lack of a single accepted methodology to evaluate the contributions of nature, this research brings together recognized methodologies and proposes a contextualized methodology for the Andean environment, relates the ecological and spatial units of the territory whose ontology is based on a certain degree of homogeneity with the NCPs, through an evaluation matrix. The validation of this matrix through the combination of local and expert knowledge allows a broader understanding of natural systems, improving the soundness of environmental decisions for sustainable and resilient planning of the territory.
The results of the assessment, represented in geographic information systems (QGIS), not only clearly show the NCPs on the spatial units of the territory, but also allow the GI to be structured around an area of high ecological value (core zone), surrounded by ecosystems (buffer zone) responsible for maintaining and protecting the health of the core zone, and articulated with each other by ecological corridors. This makes it possible to establish strategies aimed at nature conservation by consolidating a priority area of high ecological value, protection zones, and restoration zones essential for the survival of populations, habitats, and associated ecosystems.
In conclusion, the Green Infrastructure strategy seeks to define better relationships between urban growth and environmental values, providing a long-term management model for a network of green and blue spaces that support natural functions and human benefits
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