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Associação de hábitos alimentares, atividade física com a saúde periodontal em crianças : estudo observacional
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A doença periodontal pediátrica é uma doença multifatorial que se caracteriza pela inflamação dos tecidos de suporte dentário. A obesidade é uma doença crónica e constitui uma epidemia do século XXI. A obesidade, o sedentarismo, os hábitos alimentares e higiene oral têm sido considerados fatores de risco da doença periodontal, no entanto, os estudos em idades pediátricas são limitados.
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC), os hábitos alimentares e físicos, os hábitos de higiene oral e a saúde periodontal em crianças acompanhadas na clínica dentária Egas Moniz (CDEM), Monte da Caparica (Portugal).
Materiais e Métodos: Vinte de 25 crianças sistemicamente saudáveis, dos 6 aos 11 anos de idade, foram aleatoriamente selecionadas entre os meses de fevereiro a julho de 2021. A recolha de dados incluiu: dados sociodemográficos, medidas antropométricas, questionários de frequência alimentar e de atividade física, e características clínicas periodontais (índice de placa [IP], índice gengival [IG], hemorragia à sondagem [HS] e profundidade de sondagem [PS]).
Resultados: A maioria era do género masculino (52.0%), com 8 anos (32.0%), nacionalidade portuguesa (92.0%), raça caucasiana (96.0%) e frequentavam o 2º ou o 3ºano de escolaridade. A prevalência da doença periodontal foi mais elevada no sexo masculino. A maioria da amostra possuía um IMC normal, e as crianças com doença periodontal apresentaram valores mais elevados no índice de dieta anti-inflamatória e o IG e IP apresentou-se mais elevado em crianças que praticavam exercício físico moderado.
Conclusão: O resultado não evidenciou a associação entre doença periodontal e IMC nem a associação do índice de dieta anti-inflamatória (IDAI). Crianças com prática moderada de atividades física apresentaram o IP e o IG mais elevado. Estudos futuros são necessários com uma amostra maior para permitir avaliação da relação entre obesidade, doença periodontal, atividade física e hábitos alimentares em crianças.
Introduction: Pediatric periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation of the dental supporting tissues. Obesity is a chronic disease and is an epidemic of the 21st century. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, and oral hygiene have been considered risk factors for periodontal disease; however, studies in pediatric age groups are limited. Aims: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI), dietary and physical habits, oral hygiene habits and periodontal health in children followed at the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM), Monte da Caparica (Portugal). Materials and Methods: Twenty of 25 systemically healthy children, aged 6 to 11 years, were randomly selected between the months of February to July 2021. Data collection included: sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, food frequency and physical activity questionnaires, and periodontal clinical characteristics (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], bleeding on probing [HS] and probing depth [PS]). Results: The majority were male (52.0%), 8 years old (32.0%), Portuguese nationality (92.0%), Caucasian race (96.0%) and were attending 2nd or 3rd grade of school. The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in males. Most of the sample had a normal BMI, and children with periodontal disease had higher values in the anti-inflammatory diet index and the GI and PI were higher in children who practiced moderate physical exercise. Conclusion: The result did not show an association between periodontal disease and overweight and antiinflamatory diet index. Children with moderate physical activity showed higher PI and GI. Future studies are needed with a larger sample size to allow evaluation of the relationship between obesity, periodontal disease, physical activity and eating habits in children.
Introduction: Pediatric periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation of the dental supporting tissues. Obesity is a chronic disease and is an epidemic of the 21st century. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, and oral hygiene have been considered risk factors for periodontal disease; however, studies in pediatric age groups are limited. Aims: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI), dietary and physical habits, oral hygiene habits and periodontal health in children followed at the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (CDEM), Monte da Caparica (Portugal). Materials and Methods: Twenty of 25 systemically healthy children, aged 6 to 11 years, were randomly selected between the months of February to July 2021. Data collection included: sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, food frequency and physical activity questionnaires, and periodontal clinical characteristics (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], bleeding on probing [HS] and probing depth [PS]). Results: The majority were male (52.0%), 8 years old (32.0%), Portuguese nationality (92.0%), Caucasian race (96.0%) and were attending 2nd or 3rd grade of school. The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in males. Most of the sample had a normal BMI, and children with periodontal disease had higher values in the anti-inflammatory diet index and the GI and PI were higher in children who practiced moderate physical exercise. Conclusion: The result did not show an association between periodontal disease and overweight and antiinflamatory diet index. Children with moderate physical activity showed higher PI and GI. Future studies are needed with a larger sample size to allow evaluation of the relationship between obesity, periodontal disease, physical activity and eating habits in children.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Gengivite Periodontite Obesidade infantil Sedentarismo Hábitos