Projeto de colaboração intergeracional : encontro entre gerações na sala de aula
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Data
2017
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Resumo
O envelhecimento da população nas últimas décadas, em Portugal, representado
pelas pessoas com idades superiores a 65 anos, aumentou em mais de 7%, passou de 11,4%,
em 1981, para 19,1% do total da população em 2011. As projeções sobre a idade média da
população também indicam que esta poderá subir dos 43,1 anos, em 2013 para os 51,3 anos
em 2060.
Com o envelhecimento da população uma das questões que se levanta está
relacionada com o idadismo, associado a preconceitos e estereótipos em relação à idade,
contribuindo para que não se valorize a experiência e o saber acumulados em relação aos
membros mais velhos.
A perspetiva do curso de vida reconhece que os mais velhos não constituem um
grupo homogéneo e a diversidade entre os indivíduos tende a aumentar com a idade, sendo
importante que se criem ambientes de apoio em todos os estádios da vida, promovendo o
envelhecimento ativo.
Esta investigação apresenta um relato de uma pesquisa que realizámos, constituída
por várias experiências de encontro entre gerações em sala de aula. Fizeram-se experiências
no mesmo ano com duas turmas com os mesmos idosos, e em anos consecutivos com turmas
diferentes e seniores diferentes. Pretendeu-se dinamizar as aulas de TIC – Tecnologias de
Informação e Comunicação com a presença e a sabedoria dos mais velhos, aliada à perícia,
conhecimento informático e irreverência dos mais novos. Construiram-se páginas web com
conteúdos apresentados, orientados e propostos pelos mais velhos e desenvolvidos
informaticamente pelos mais novos (alunos adolescentes). Desta forma desenvolveu-se um
projeto intergeracional com práticas de aprendizagem intergeracional continuada.
Antes da implementação do projeto, fizemos uma avaliação da sensibilidade dos
adolescentes ao desenvolvimento de projetos intergeracionais que serviram de guia para a sua
implementação, recorrendo a questionários sobre a VFI - Volunteers Function Theory
(Inventário das Funções do Voluntariado). Utilizámos também os questionários sobre o
envolvimento escolar para perceber a avaliação que os participantes faziam sobre as
experiências em que participaram na perspetiva dos benefícios dos programas de
aprendizagem intergeracional. Aplicaram-se ainda questionários sobre competências sociais,
antes e depois de cada experiência.
Verificaram-se possibilidades de abordagem, quer com idosos dependentes quer com
independentes – seniores, realizando atividades com conteúdos iniciados pelos alunos adolescentes e complementado com as perspetivas dos idosos, ou partindo de conteúdos de
experiência de vida e/ou profissional dos mais velhos. Aponta-se ainda que as experiências
intergeracionais com alunos das vias das humanidades poderão ser mais vantajosas em
relação às áreas mais técnicas, as quais implicam um menor contacto social, em especial na
relação com os idosos. Alguns aspetos interessantes da experiêcia são: uma maior aceitação
das diferenças de cada um; aprendizagens e conhecimentos a vários níveis,
técnico/profissional, social, desenvolvimento de atitudes mais positivas entre as gerações e
espírito de cooperação.
The ageing of the population in the last decades in Portugal, here represented by people older than 65, has increased 7%, and has gone through a range from 11,4% in 1981 to 19,1% in 2011’s total population. The projections about the average age of the population also show that it can ben increased from 43,1 years in 2013 to 51,3 years in 2060. The ageing of population arises one of the questions which is related to ageism, associated to prejudice and stereotypes concerning age and has lead not to value the experience and knowledge of the older ones. The perspective of lifespan considers that the elder people do not form a homogeneous group and that diversity among people has a tendency to increase with age, being important to create support environments in all stages of life in order to promote active ageing. This investigation presents a report of an investigation we made consisting in severall meeting experiences between generations, in classrooms. In the same year we made experiences with 2 classes with the same old people, and in consecutive years, with different classes and different seniors. The intention was to stimulate the ICT classes (Information and communications technology) combining the presence and knowledge of the older ones with the skill, informatics, know-how and irreverence of the younger ones. Web pages were built with contents presented, guided and proposed by the older ones and developped electronically by the youngest (adolescent students). In this way an intergeracional project has been developped with continued learning practices. Before the implementation of the project, we made an evaluation of the adolescent’s sensibility to the development of the intergeracional projects that served as guides to its implementation. Fot that purpose were made surveys about VFI - Volunteers Function Theory. We also used the surveys about the the school involvement to understand the evaluation made by the participants who enrolled and were benefited by the experiences carried out by the programs of the intergeracional projects. Surveys on social skills were also applied before and after each experiment. Possibilities of approach have been possible, both with dependent elderly and with independent seniors, performing activities with contents initiated by the adolescent students and complemented with the perspectives of the elderly, or starting from contents of life experience and / or professional of the elders. It is also pointed out that intergenerational experiences with students of the humanities could be more vanguardous in relation to the more technical areas, which imply less social contact, especially in relation to the elderly. Some interesting aspects of the experience are: a greater acceptance of the differences of each; Learning and knowledge at various levels, technical / professional, social, development of more positive attitudes between the generations and spirit of cooperation.
The ageing of the population in the last decades in Portugal, here represented by people older than 65, has increased 7%, and has gone through a range from 11,4% in 1981 to 19,1% in 2011’s total population. The projections about the average age of the population also show that it can ben increased from 43,1 years in 2013 to 51,3 years in 2060. The ageing of population arises one of the questions which is related to ageism, associated to prejudice and stereotypes concerning age and has lead not to value the experience and knowledge of the older ones. The perspective of lifespan considers that the elder people do not form a homogeneous group and that diversity among people has a tendency to increase with age, being important to create support environments in all stages of life in order to promote active ageing. This investigation presents a report of an investigation we made consisting in severall meeting experiences between generations, in classrooms. In the same year we made experiences with 2 classes with the same old people, and in consecutive years, with different classes and different seniors. The intention was to stimulate the ICT classes (Information and communications technology) combining the presence and knowledge of the older ones with the skill, informatics, know-how and irreverence of the younger ones. Web pages were built with contents presented, guided and proposed by the older ones and developped electronically by the youngest (adolescent students). In this way an intergeracional project has been developped with continued learning practices. Before the implementation of the project, we made an evaluation of the adolescent’s sensibility to the development of the intergeracional projects that served as guides to its implementation. Fot that purpose were made surveys about VFI - Volunteers Function Theory. We also used the surveys about the the school involvement to understand the evaluation made by the participants who enrolled and were benefited by the experiences carried out by the programs of the intergeracional projects. Surveys on social skills were also applied before and after each experiment. Possibilities of approach have been possible, both with dependent elderly and with independent seniors, performing activities with contents initiated by the adolescent students and complemented with the perspectives of the elderly, or starting from contents of life experience and / or professional of the elders. It is also pointed out that intergenerational experiences with students of the humanities could be more vanguardous in relation to the more technical areas, which imply less social contact, especially in relation to the elderly. Some interesting aspects of the experience are: a greater acceptance of the differences of each; Learning and knowledge at various levels, technical / professional, social, development of more positive attitudes between the generations and spirit of cooperation.
Descrição
Orientação: Óscar Conceição de Sousa
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, ENVELHECIMENTO, APRENDIZAGEM, RELAÇÕES INTERGERACIONAIS, TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO, ESTUDOS DE CASO, EDUCATION, AGEING, LEARNING, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, CASE STUDIES