As condições socioeconômicas da comunidade do Marinho - Resex Cajari e suas alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável
Carregando...
Data
2021-02
Autores
Orientador
Freitas, Elisete Maria de
Banca
Título do periódico
ISSN
Título do Volume
Editor
Resumo
A Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari, conhecida como RESEX Cajari, foi fundada em 12 de março de 1990 em meio a graves conflitos sociais e pressões ambientais internacionais que revelavam a necessidade de preservação da natureza e respeito à dignidade humana e à prerrogativa de diminuição das desigualdades sociais. A Reserva se apresenta como uma fonte de preservação da floresta onde está localizada, contudo ainda é preciso desenvolver mecanismos que melhorem as condições econômicas, a qualidade de vida da população residente na região, posto que a concessão real de uso dos recursos de modo extrativista parece não convergir para o padrão desenhado pela agenda internacional sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, especialmente no que se refere à redução das desigualdades sociais. A pesquisa buscou caracterizar o padrão socioeconômico da comunidade do Marinho- RESEX Cajari avaliando a exploração econômica local e sua possível correlação com os padrões de pobreza e extrema pobreza da comunidade a partir do indicador de extrema pobreza e pobreza utilizado pelo Banco Mundial e pelo IBGE para países de baixa renda, bem como identificar as principais mudanças socioeconômicas decorrentes da criação da Reserva na perspectiva de seus moradores mais antigos, sugerindo, ao final, alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa buscou caracterizar o padrão socioeconômico da comunidade do Marinho-RESEX Cajari, avaliando a vulnerabilidade da comunidade a partir do indicador de extrema pobreza e pobreza utilizado pelo Banco Mundial e pelo IBGE para países de baixa renda, bem como analisar as principais mudanças socioeconômicas decorrentes da criação da Reserva, sugerindo, ao final, alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Além do uso de referenciais com resultados de estudos já realizados sobre a Região, foram aplicados questionários estruturados e semiestruturados na comunidade, realizadas entrevistas com moradores idosos de origem tradicional e com o representante da sociedade civil organizada local para aprimorar as informações coletadas durante a aplicação dos questionários. Foi possível observar que a maioria das famílias residentes na comunidade do estudo apresentam vulnerabilidade econômica e social, com indicadores de pobreza e extrema pobreza quando a única renda provém dos recursos extraídos da biodiversidade. As mudanças ocorridas nos padrões socioeconômicos, imediatamente após a criação da RESEX, decorreram da ruptura do paradigma do aviamento enraizado na Região, razão pela qual a presente pesquisa apontou a ampliação de atividades econômicas, tais como a exploração organizada dos óleos de andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) e copaíba (Copaifera spp), a implantação da agricultura de banana (Musa spp.) e açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) em sistemas agroflorestais e a criação regularizada de animais silvestres em cativeiro e.g paca (Cuniculus paca), caititu (Pecari tajacu) dentre outros. No entanto, isso exige dos órgãos governamentais compromisso na urgente elaboração do Plano de Manejo da RESEX, cuja demora já supera 20 anos, e posteriormente que a comunidade local receba transferência de tecnologias e conhecimentos sobre as diferentes possibilidades de extração sustentável das atividades mencionadas. Acredita-se que estas atividades serão capazes de garantir um melhoramento no padrão econômico local, oportunizando desenvolvimento sustentável.
The Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve, known as RESEX Cajari, was founded on March 12, 1990 amid serious social conflicts and international environmental pressures that revealed the need to preserve nature and respect human dignity and the prerogative of reducing inequalities social. The Reserve presents itself as a source of preservation of the forest where it is located, however, it is still necessary to develop mechanisms that improve the economic conditions and the quality of life of the population residing in the region, since the real concession to use the resources in an extractive way seems to not converge to the pattern designed by the international agenda on sustainable development, especially with regard to the reduction of social inequalities. The research sought to characterize the socioeconomic pattern of the Marinho community - RESEX Cajari, evaluating the local economic exploitation and its possible correlation with the patterns of poverty and extreme poverty of the community based on the extreme poverty and poverty indicator used by the World Bank and IBGE for low-income countries, as well as identifying the main socioeconomic changes resulting from the creation of the Reserve from the perspective of its older residents, suggesting, in the end, alternatives for sustainable development. The research sought to characterize the socioeconomic pattern of the Marinho-RESEX Cajari community, assessing the community's vulnerability based on the extreme poverty and poverty indicator used by the World Bank and IBGE for low-income countries, as well as analyzing the main socioeconomic changes resulting from it. the creation of the Reserve, suggesting, in the end, alternatives for sustainable development. In addition to using references with the results of studies already carried out on the Region, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were applied in the community, interviews were conducted with elderly residents of traditional origin and with the representative of the local organized civil society to improve the information collected during the application of the questionnaires. It was possible to observe that most families residing in the study community are economically and socially vulnerable, with indicators of poverty and extreme poverty when their only income comes from resources extracted from biodiversity. The changes that occurred in socioeconomic patterns, immediately after the creation of RESEX, resulted from the rupture of the aviation paradigm rooted in the Region, which is why this research pointed to the expansion of economic activities, such as the organized exploitation of andiroba oils (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) and copaíba (Copaifera spp), the implementation of banana (Musa spp.) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) agriculture in agroforestry systems and the regularized breeding of wild animals in captivity eg paca (Cuniculus paca), peccary (Pecari tajacu) among others. However, this requires government agencies to commit to the urgent preparation of the RESEX Management Plan, which takes over 20 years, and subsequently that the local community receives transfer of technologies and knowledge about the different possibilities for sustainable extraction of the aforementioned activities. It is believed that these activities will be able to ensure an improvement in the local economic standard, providing opportunities for sustainable development.
The Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve, known as RESEX Cajari, was founded on March 12, 1990 amid serious social conflicts and international environmental pressures that revealed the need to preserve nature and respect human dignity and the prerogative of reducing inequalities social. The Reserve presents itself as a source of preservation of the forest where it is located, however, it is still necessary to develop mechanisms that improve the economic conditions and the quality of life of the population residing in the region, since the real concession to use the resources in an extractive way seems to not converge to the pattern designed by the international agenda on sustainable development, especially with regard to the reduction of social inequalities. The research sought to characterize the socioeconomic pattern of the Marinho community - RESEX Cajari, evaluating the local economic exploitation and its possible correlation with the patterns of poverty and extreme poverty of the community based on the extreme poverty and poverty indicator used by the World Bank and IBGE for low-income countries, as well as identifying the main socioeconomic changes resulting from the creation of the Reserve from the perspective of its older residents, suggesting, in the end, alternatives for sustainable development. The research sought to characterize the socioeconomic pattern of the Marinho-RESEX Cajari community, assessing the community's vulnerability based on the extreme poverty and poverty indicator used by the World Bank and IBGE for low-income countries, as well as analyzing the main socioeconomic changes resulting from it. the creation of the Reserve, suggesting, in the end, alternatives for sustainable development. In addition to using references with the results of studies already carried out on the Region, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were applied in the community, interviews were conducted with elderly residents of traditional origin and with the representative of the local organized civil society to improve the information collected during the application of the questionnaires. It was possible to observe that most families residing in the study community are economically and socially vulnerable, with indicators of poverty and extreme poverty when their only income comes from resources extracted from biodiversity. The changes that occurred in socioeconomic patterns, immediately after the creation of RESEX, resulted from the rupture of the aviation paradigm rooted in the Region, which is why this research pointed to the expansion of economic activities, such as the organized exploitation of andiroba oils (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) and copaíba (Copaifera spp), the implementation of banana (Musa spp.) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) agriculture in agroforestry systems and the regularized breeding of wild animals in captivity eg paca (Cuniculus paca), peccary (Pecari tajacu) among others. However, this requires government agencies to commit to the urgent preparation of the RESEX Management Plan, which takes over 20 years, and subsequently that the local community receives transfer of technologies and knowledge about the different possibilities for sustainable extraction of the aforementioned activities. It is believed that these activities will be able to ensure an improvement in the local economic standard, providing opportunities for sustainable development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento sustentável; Economia familiar; Extrativismo; Desigualdades sociais; Sustainable development; Family Economy; Extractivism; Social differences
Citação
SILVA JÚNIOR, Daniel Melo Da. As condições socioeconômicas da comunidade do Marinho - Resex Cajari e suas alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Curso de Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, 25 fev. 2021. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10737/3280.