Tufové skalné obydlia v regióne Hont | Slovensko
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Date
2023-05-23
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Mark
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Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební
Abstract
Región Hont patrí k najstarším z 25 historických kultúrnych regiónov Slovenska. Historické kultúrne regióny predstavujú územia s výskytom charakteristických socio-kultúrnych javov, pričom nadväzujú na administratívne členenie žúp bývalého Uhorska. Územie regiónu Hont leží v južnej časti stredného Slovenska, kde pokrýva dolnú časť údolia rieky Hron s presahom k rieke Ipeľ až po ústie oboch riek do Dunaja. Jedinečnosťou Hontu je jeho geologické podložie vyprodukované v prehistórii stratovulkánom Štiavnický, ktoré okrem iných zložiek je bohaté na prítomnosť tufových hornín. Obyvatelia Hontu oddávna využívali tufový materiál na stavbu domov – príbytkov aj hospodárskych budov. Zároveň využívali voľné priestory vzniknuté v skalnom masíve vydolovaním na skladové a pomocné pracovné účely. Príspevok predstavuje tri lokality z regiónu Hont – Mačkáš pri Dudinciach, Sebechleby a Brhlovce – kde obyvatelia využívali priestory v tufových masívoch na rozličné funkcie obydlia. Všetky nám známe lokality boli prevažne využívané ako vínne pivnice, vďaka fyzikálnym vlastnostiam tufu – poskytuje priestorom celoročne stálu teplotu, čo je ideálne pre procesy kvasenia vína. Skalné obydlia v obci Brhlovce sú jedinou lokalitou na Slovensku, kde sa skalné priestory tufového masívu využívali aj ako priestory na trvalé bývanie. Skalné obydlia v tomto príspevku predstavujú sústavu priestorov umožňujúcich realizáciu všetkých životných potrieb našich predkov, ktoré okrem príbytku predstavujú aj priestory na hospodárske a pomocné práce.
The Hont region is one of the oldest of Slovakia's 25 historical cultural regions, which represent territories with characteristic socio-cultural phenomena while following on from the administrative division of the counties of former Hungary. The territory of the Hont region is located in the southern part of central Slovakia, where it covers the lower part of the valley of the river Hron with an extension to the river Ipel to the mouth of both rivers into the Danube. The uniqueness of Hont is its geological bedrock produced in prehistoric times by the Štiavnický stratovolcano, which, among other components, is rich in the presence of tuff rocks. The inhabitants of Hont have long used tuff material for the construction of houses - dwellings and farm buildings. At the same time, they used the free spaces created in the rock massif by mining for storage and auxiliary work purposes. The paper presents three localities from the Hont region - Mackas, Sebechleby and Brhlovce - where the inhabitants used spaces in tuff massifs for various functions of the dwelling. All the locations known to us were mainly used as wine cellars, thanks to the physical properties of tuff - it provides the premises with a constant temperature all year round, which is ideal for wine fermentation processes. The rock dwellings in the village of Brhlovce are the only location in Slovakia where the rock spaces of the tuff massif were also used as spaces for permanent living. The rock dwellings in this contribution represent a system of spaces enabling the realization of all the life needs of our ancestors, which, in addition to the dwelling, also represent spaces for economic and auxiliary work.
The Hont region is one of the oldest of Slovakia's 25 historical cultural regions, which represent territories with characteristic socio-cultural phenomena while following on from the administrative division of the counties of former Hungary. The territory of the Hont region is located in the southern part of central Slovakia, where it covers the lower part of the valley of the river Hron with an extension to the river Ipel to the mouth of both rivers into the Danube. The uniqueness of Hont is its geological bedrock produced in prehistoric times by the Štiavnický stratovolcano, which, among other components, is rich in the presence of tuff rocks. The inhabitants of Hont have long used tuff material for the construction of houses - dwellings and farm buildings. At the same time, they used the free spaces created in the rock massif by mining for storage and auxiliary work purposes. The paper presents three localities from the Hont region - Mackas, Sebechleby and Brhlovce - where the inhabitants used spaces in tuff massifs for various functions of the dwelling. All the locations known to us were mainly used as wine cellars, thanks to the physical properties of tuff - it provides the premises with a constant temperature all year round, which is ideal for wine fermentation processes. The rock dwellings in the village of Brhlovce are the only location in Slovakia where the rock spaces of the tuff massif were also used as spaces for permanent living. The rock dwellings in this contribution represent a system of spaces enabling the realization of all the life needs of our ancestors, which, in addition to the dwelling, also represent spaces for economic and auxiliary work.
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Prostor pro život: Sborník mezinárodní konference Krajina Sídla Památky 2023, s. 290-295. ISBN 978-80-214-6158-1.
https://www.krajinasidlapamatky.cz/
https://www.krajinasidlapamatky.cz/
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sk
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Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/