Comunidade infestante e sua interferência no feijoeiro implantado sob plantio direto, na safra de primavera
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Data
2012-06-01
Autores
Barroso, A. A. M. [UNESP]
Alves, P. L. C. A. [UNESP]
Yamauti, M. S. [UNESP]
Nepomuceno, M. P. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os períodos críticos de interferência das plantas daninhas no feijoeiro no sistema de plantio direto, na safra de primavera. A cultura antecessora ao feijoeiro foi a de milheto, que gerou 2 t ha-1 de massa seca. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por períodos crescentes (0, 10, 17, 24, 31, 45 e 66 dias após a emergência) de convivência ou de controle das plantas daninhas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos dispostos no esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com quatro repetições, mais duas testemunhas: uma limpa durante todo o ciclo da cultura e outra suja, ausente de controle. A comunidade infestante foi composta por 16 espécies, sendo dez eudicotiledôneas. A espécie de maior importância foi a losna-branca (Parthenium hysterophorus). O período anterior à interferência (PAI) ocorreu até o estádio fenológico V2, e o período total de prevenção à interferência (PTPI), até o estádio V4; assim, o período crítico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI) ficou entre os estádios V2 e V4 do feijoeiro. A safra de primavera mostrou-se alternativa viável de produção. O acúmulo médio de massa e o número médio de indivíduos das plantas daninhas foram pequenos, ocasionando menor interferência na cultura e, consequentemente, um curto PCPI. Houve redução de 19% na produtividade média do feijoeiro quando a cultura conviveu durante todo o seu ciclo com a comunidade infestante.
This experiment was carried out to determine the critical periods of weed interference in beans, in response to no-tillage sowing, in the spring season. The culture sown before the bean was pearl millet, generating 2 t ha-¹ dried mass. The treatments were composed by periods of weed coexistence or weed control (0, 10, 17, 24, 31, 45, and 66 days after seedling growth). The experimental design was a complete randomized block with the treatments arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial design, with four replications and two controls (with or without weed control). The relative importance (RI) of the weed community was evaluated. The weed community consisted of sixteen species, with 10 being eudicots. Ragweed (Parthenium hysterophorus) had the highest IR. The period before weed interference was up to the phenological stage V2, and the total interference period was up to the V4 stage. Thus, the critical period of interference corresponded to the period between the V2 and the V4 bean phenological stages. Spring sowingproved to be aviable alternative. Average mass accumulation and weed density were low, causing less interference in the culture and, consequently, a short critical period of interference. The reduction of 19% in the average productivity of the beans was observed when the culture remained with the weeds throughout the cycle.
This experiment was carried out to determine the critical periods of weed interference in beans, in response to no-tillage sowing, in the spring season. The culture sown before the bean was pearl millet, generating 2 t ha-¹ dried mass. The treatments were composed by periods of weed coexistence or weed control (0, 10, 17, 24, 31, 45, and 66 days after seedling growth). The experimental design was a complete randomized block with the treatments arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial design, with four replications and two controls (with or without weed control). The relative importance (RI) of the weed community was evaluated. The weed community consisted of sixteen species, with 10 being eudicots. Ragweed (Parthenium hysterophorus) had the highest IR. The period before weed interference was up to the phenological stage V2, and the total interference period was up to the V4 stage. Thus, the critical period of interference corresponded to the period between the V2 and the V4 bean phenological stages. Spring sowingproved to be aviable alternative. Average mass accumulation and weed density were low, causing less interference in the culture and, consequently, a short critical period of interference. The reduction of 19% in the average productivity of the beans was observed when the culture remained with the weeds throughout the cycle.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Phaseolus vulgaris, plantas daninhas, competição, Amaranthus retroflexus, Phaseolus vulgaris, weeds, competition, Amaranthus retroflexus
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 30, n. 2, p. 279-286, 2012.