Células-tronco na neurorrafia látero-terminal: estudo experimental em ratos
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Data
2016-02-23
Autores
Paiva, Geruza Rezende [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tratamento das lesões em nervos periféricos normalmente constitui um desafio. Os resultados clínicos são pobres na maioria dos casos de lesões com perda da continuidade do axônio. Viterbo (1992) propôs a neurorrafia látero-terminal sem incisão do nervo doador, uma alternativa para a neurorrafia término-terminal. Novas pesquisas devem esclarecer porque são tão controversos os resultados experimentais e os da prática clínica entre os diversos autores sobre a neurorrafia látero-terminal. Muitos estudos têm buscado alternativas para alcançar melhores resultados no tratamento das lesões nervosas periféricas. A reposição de células, introdução de fatores neurotróficos e a introdução de células-tronco têm sido algumas das alternativas exploradas na literatura atual. Quanto às células-tronco ainda há muito a ser pesquisado, seja sobre o potencial regenerativo das células-tronco e suas fontes, formas de oferecimento dessas células no local da lesão ou como acompanhar a integração e confirmar a sobrevivência dessas células no local da injúria do nervo. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência de células-tronco mesenquimais provenientes do tecido adiposo na neurorrafia látero-terminal quanto à regeneração e reinervação periférica, por meio de estudo experimental em ratos. Foram estudados 150 animais, 140 animais dispostos em sete grupos, 10 outros animais foram necessários para se fazer o gel de plaquetas. Em um dos grupos a neurorrafia látero-terminal foi realizada com a interposição de células-tronco removidas do tecido adiposo do animal. Foram realizados testes de avaliação da marcha, estudo eletromiográfico, avaliação da força de contração muscular e exames de morfologia e morfometria de nervos e músculos após 180 dias do experimento. O grupo no qual se usou células-tronco apresentou valores semelhantes aos observados no grupo controle de normalidade quanto aos índices funcionais dos nervos ciático (pelo “CatWalk” e “Walking Track” respectivamente) e quanto ao número de fibras nervosas no nervo fibular comum.
The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is often a challenge. In most cases of injury with loss of continuity of the axon the clinical results are poor. Viterbo (1992) published the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy without incision of the donor nerve, an alternative for the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Further research should clarify why the experimental results and the clinical practice about the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy are so controversial among the various authors. Many studies have sought for alternatives to achieve better results in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The replacement of cells, the introduction of neurotrophic factors and the introduction of stem cells have been some of the alternatives explored in the literature. As for the stem cells, much remains to be searched, either on the regenerative potential of stem cells and their sources, offering forms of these cells at the injury site or on how to support the integration and confirm the survival of these cells at the site of the nerve injury. This study experimental study in rats aimed to evaluate the influence of stem cells from adipose tissue in the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy focusing the regeneration and the peripheral reinnervation. 150 animals were studied, 140 animals arranged in seven groups, other 10 animals were needed to make the platelet gel. In one group the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy was performed with the interposition of stem cells removed from the adipose tissue of the animal. Gait assessment tests, electromyographic study, evaluation of the muscle contraction force and histological examinations of the nerves and muscles after 180 days of the experiment were conduced and performed. The group which underwent the interposition of stem cells showed values similar to those seen in the normal control group as well as the functional indices of the common sciatic and peroneal nerves (the "Catwalk" and "Walking Track" respectively) and upon the number of nerve fibers in the common fibular nerve.
The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is often a challenge. In most cases of injury with loss of continuity of the axon the clinical results are poor. Viterbo (1992) published the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy without incision of the donor nerve, an alternative for the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Further research should clarify why the experimental results and the clinical practice about the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy are so controversial among the various authors. Many studies have sought for alternatives to achieve better results in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The replacement of cells, the introduction of neurotrophic factors and the introduction of stem cells have been some of the alternatives explored in the literature. As for the stem cells, much remains to be searched, either on the regenerative potential of stem cells and their sources, offering forms of these cells at the injury site or on how to support the integration and confirm the survival of these cells at the site of the nerve injury. This study experimental study in rats aimed to evaluate the influence of stem cells from adipose tissue in the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy focusing the regeneration and the peripheral reinnervation. 150 animals were studied, 140 animals arranged in seven groups, other 10 animals were needed to make the platelet gel. In one group the lateral-terminal neurorrhaphy was performed with the interposition of stem cells removed from the adipose tissue of the animal. Gait assessment tests, electromyographic study, evaluation of the muscle contraction force and histological examinations of the nerves and muscles after 180 days of the experiment were conduced and performed. The group which underwent the interposition of stem cells showed values similar to those seen in the normal control group as well as the functional indices of the common sciatic and peroneal nerves (the "Catwalk" and "Walking Track" respectively) and upon the number of nerve fibers in the common fibular nerve.
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Palavras-chave
Células-tronco, Tecido adiposo, Nervos periféricos, Regeneração nervosa, Rato, Stem cells, Adipose tissue, Peripheral nerves, Nerve regeneration, Mouse