O ensino de matemática em duas escolas profissionalizantes: Brasil e Portugal, no período de 1942 a 1978
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Data
2016-04-29
Autores
Moura, Elmha Coelho Martins [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As escolas técnicas foram criadas com o objetivo de formar e qualificar trabalhadores para atuarem no campo industrial e comercial. Esse vínculo da escola com a indústria desenvolveu um tipo de ensino próprio para o trabalho, com as disciplinas escolares divididas entre as de conhecimento geral e as de conhecimento técnico. A Matemática situava-se no campo do conhecimento geral, mas, o seu uso era destinado às atividades técnicas, portanto era uma disciplina aplicada. Daí surge a indagação: quais seriam as características do ensino de Matemática em escolas técnicas para a formação do técnico? Buscando respostas para essa indagação desenvolveu-se esta pesquisa. O seu objetivo é analisar o ensino da Matemática no período de 1942 a 1978, na Escola Técnica Nacional (ETN) localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no Brasil e na Escola Industrial e Comercial Alfredo da Silva (EICAS) localizada no Concelho do Barreiro em Portugal. Focou-se o contexto da forma de governo vigente durante esse período nos dois países: a ditadura. Utilizamos monumentos arquitetônicos, como fonte de pesquisa, para a construção e discussão do contexto econômico e social durante o regime ditatorial no Brasil e em Portugal. Compreender alguns aspectos dessas ditaduras, como a industrialização e a identidade nacional, contribuiu para a análise de diversos pontos referentes ao ensino de Matemática e ao ensino técnico da ETN e da EICAS. Considerou-se os documentos das referidas escolas, no intuito de averiguar as aproximações e as divergências acerca do uso da Matemática na formação de trabalhadores industriários. Esta é uma pesquisa no campo investigativo da História da Educação Matemática, com referenciais na História Cultural e o uso do Método Comparativo. Utilizamos fontes impressas, imagéticas, museológicas e arquitetônicas para construir uma história do ensino de Matemática em uma análise comparativa entre o Brasil e Portugal.
Technical schools were created in order to train and qualify workers to work in the industrial and commercial field. This link between the school and industry developed a kind of selfeducation to work with school subjects divided between general knowledge and technical expertise. Mathematics was located in the field of general knowledge, but its use was intended for technical activities, so it was an applied discipline. Then the question arises: what are the distinctive features of mathematics teaching in technical schools for training a technician? Seeking answers to this question developed this search. Its purpose is to analyse the teaching of Mathematics from 1942 to 1978 at National Technical School (ETN) located in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and also at Industrial and Commercial School Alfredo da Silva (EICAS) located in concelho of Barreiro in Portugal. The research was developed in the context of the current form of government during this period in two countries: the dictatorship. We used architectural monuments as a source of research for the construction and discussion of economic and social context during the dictatorship in Brazil and Portugal. Understanding some aspects of these dictatorships, such as industrialization and national identity, contributed to the analysis of several points related to mathematics education and technical education of ETN and EICAS. It was considered the documents of these schools in order to investigate the similarities and differences about the use of mathematics in training of industrial workers. This is a research in the investigative field of the History of Mathematics Education, with references in Cultural History using the comparative method. We used printed sources, imagery, museums and architectural sources, to build a history about mathematics teaching in a Comparative Analysis between Brazil and Portugal.
Technical schools were created in order to train and qualify workers to work in the industrial and commercial field. This link between the school and industry developed a kind of selfeducation to work with school subjects divided between general knowledge and technical expertise. Mathematics was located in the field of general knowledge, but its use was intended for technical activities, so it was an applied discipline. Then the question arises: what are the distinctive features of mathematics teaching in technical schools for training a technician? Seeking answers to this question developed this search. Its purpose is to analyse the teaching of Mathematics from 1942 to 1978 at National Technical School (ETN) located in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and also at Industrial and Commercial School Alfredo da Silva (EICAS) located in concelho of Barreiro in Portugal. The research was developed in the context of the current form of government during this period in two countries: the dictatorship. We used architectural monuments as a source of research for the construction and discussion of economic and social context during the dictatorship in Brazil and Portugal. Understanding some aspects of these dictatorships, such as industrialization and national identity, contributed to the analysis of several points related to mathematics education and technical education of ETN and EICAS. It was considered the documents of these schools in order to investigate the similarities and differences about the use of mathematics in training of industrial workers. This is a research in the investigative field of the History of Mathematics Education, with references in Cultural History using the comparative method. We used printed sources, imagery, museums and architectural sources, to build a history about mathematics teaching in a Comparative Analysis between Brazil and Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Matemática, Ditadura, Indústria, Mathematics, Dictatorship, Industry, Estudo e ensino, Ensino técnico, Escolas técnicas, Study and teaching, Technical education, Technical schools