Estudo do comportamento térmico em longos períodos de tempo de compósitos híbridos processados por RTM
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Data
2017-03-23
Autores
Vidal, Dielly Cavalcanti da Silva Monte [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os compósitos são materiais atrativos para a indústria aeronáutica, devido a alta resistência mecânica em relação ao peso significativamente baixo. Isso possibilita a redução de custos ao mesmo tempo que mantém suas propriedades físicas. Quando se utiliza diferentes reforços os compósitos se caracterizam como híbridos, os quais têm o benefício de combinar as vantagens das diferentes fibras e reduzir, simultaneamente, os seus atributos menos desejáveis. Dentre os processos de manufatura de compósitos, o RTM tem sido de grande interesse, o que pode ser justificado pela maior facilidade de fabricação com um custo relativamente baixo quando comparado a outros métodos tradicionais como a autoclave. Porém, por se tratar de um processo no qual um molde rígido fechado é usado, muitas tensões residuais podem ser inseridas na matriz. Além disso, em se tratando de híbridos, durante a cura pode haver mudanças nas propriedades relacionadas ao fenômeno da relaxação das cadeias poliméricas. Sendo assim, ter conhecimento do comportamento do material, com base nas relaxações das cadeias, é fundamental e isso pode ser realizado pelas análises dinâmico-mecânicas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o efeito dos dois reforços no fenômeno de relaxação da matriz epóxi por meio de propriedades viscoelásticas. Essas propriedades foram obtidas pela análise dinâmico-mecânica de dois compósitos híbridos, reforçados com fibras de carbono e de vidro em matriz epóxi. Esses compósitos foram processados por RTM e tiverem suas propriedades comparadas a dos compósitos produzidos somente com a fibra de carbono e somente com a fibra de vidro. Na DMA foi possível observar o fenômeno de relaxação para todos os compósitos, sendo verificado o efeito híbrido positivo, além da maior adesão interfacial para esses compósitos.
Composites are attractive materials for the aircraft industry due to have high mechanical strength to a significantly underweight, which make possible the cost reduction keeping, at the same time physical properties. The use of different reinforcements it is possible and, then, the composite is characterized as hybrid, which have benefit to combine advantages of different fibers, reducing, simultaneously, their less desirable characteristics. Among the RTM, it has been of great interest due to the ease of manufacture in a relatively low cost compared to other traditional methods such as autoclaving. However, because it is a process in which a closed rigid mold is used, many residual stresses could be occurred in the matrix. Furthermore, regarding hybrid composites, during the cure process changes in properties related to the relaxation phenomenon of the polymeric chains could occur, which has a great influence on the physical properties of the advanced composite. Therefore, it is essential to have information about the relaxation phenomena, which is provided by dynamic mechanical analysis. The objective of this work was to understand the effect of two different reinforcements in the relaxation phenomena of epoxy matrix through viscoelastic properties. These properties were obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis of the hybrid composite reinforced with carbon fiber glass epoxy matrix, which was processed by RTM and compared to those produced with carbon fiber and glass fiber. By DMA analysis was possible to observe the relaxation phenomena to all composites and the positive hybrid effect was determined, furthermore the higher fiber/reinforce interfacial adhesion for these composites.
Composites are attractive materials for the aircraft industry due to have high mechanical strength to a significantly underweight, which make possible the cost reduction keeping, at the same time physical properties. The use of different reinforcements it is possible and, then, the composite is characterized as hybrid, which have benefit to combine advantages of different fibers, reducing, simultaneously, their less desirable characteristics. Among the RTM, it has been of great interest due to the ease of manufacture in a relatively low cost compared to other traditional methods such as autoclaving. However, because it is a process in which a closed rigid mold is used, many residual stresses could be occurred in the matrix. Furthermore, regarding hybrid composites, during the cure process changes in properties related to the relaxation phenomenon of the polymeric chains could occur, which has a great influence on the physical properties of the advanced composite. Therefore, it is essential to have information about the relaxation phenomena, which is provided by dynamic mechanical analysis. The objective of this work was to understand the effect of two different reinforcements in the relaxation phenomena of epoxy matrix through viscoelastic properties. These properties were obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis of the hybrid composite reinforced with carbon fiber glass epoxy matrix, which was processed by RTM and compared to those produced with carbon fiber and glass fiber. By DMA analysis was possible to observe the relaxation phenomena to all composites and the positive hybrid effect was determined, furthermore the higher fiber/reinforce interfacial adhesion for these composites.
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Palavras-chave
Compósitos aeronáuticos, Compósitos híbridos, RTM, DMA