Seletividade de extratos botânicos a trichogramma pretiosum riley, 1879 (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae)
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2018-04-24
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O parasitoide de ovos, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), comumente utilizado no controle biológico de lepidópteros-praga em diversas culturas, como uma das alternativas nos programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas, ainda entre os métodos alternativos ao químico, existem os inseticidas botânicos, obtidos de plantas com potencial inseticida. Para que essa interação tenha sucesso é necessário analisar a seletividade destes produtos para que não causem efeitos deletérios sobre os inimigos naturais. Sendo assim, foi avaliada a seletividade e efeitos sub-letais de extratos botânicos em pupas e adultos de T. pretiossum. O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório com 11 tratamentos: Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim), Mikania glomerata (guaco), Varronia curassavica (erva baleeira), Chenopodium ambrosioides (erva de santa maria), Vermonia polyanthes (assapeixe), Plectranthus amboinicus (boldo chinês), Tetradenia riparia (mirra), Artemisia absinthium (losna), Cymbopogon citratus (capim limão), água destilada como testemunha negativa e clorpirifós como testemunha positiva, o delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições para seletividade e inteiramente casualizados com vinte repetições para efeitos sub letais. Para a extração, as plantas foram coletadas no período da manhã, em laboratório foram separadas 100 g de cada espécie, imersas em 300 ml de álcool metílico por 24 horas, em tríplice extração, evaporadas no rotavapor e diluídas na proporção 1000 mg para 250mL de água destilada. Seguindo os protocolos padronizados da Organização Internacional para Controle Biológico (IOBC) foram avaliados o parasitismo e a viabilidade (%) e a mortalidade dos parasitoides foram classificados em: classe 1 - inócuo (E < 30%); classe 2 - levemente nocivo (30 ≤ E ≤ 79%); classe 3 - moderadamente nocivo (80 ≤ E ≤ 99%); classe 4 - nocivo (E > 99%), e também efeitos sub letais. Na avaliação da seletividade em adultos foi observado redução do parasitismo nos extratos de guaco, erva-de-santa-maria e capim-limão, sendo classificados como levemente inócuos (Classe 2), apresentando também efeitos sub letais. Em fase de pupa, os extratos de guaco, losna e capim-limão apresentaram baixa seletividade, classificados como levemente inócuos (Classe 2), efeitos sub letais foram observados nos tratamentos com os extratos de alecrim e capim-limão. O clorpirifós em ambas as fases foi classificado como moderadamente nocivo (Classe 3), com redução significativa nos efeitos sub letais. Conclui-se que o extrato de capim-limão apresenta baixa seletividade e efeitos sub letais a T. pretiosum nas fases de adulto e pupa. Os extratos botânicos de guaco, erva-de-santa-maria mostraram baixa seletividade e também efeitos sub letais em adultos de T. pretiosum.
The parasitoid of eggs, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), commonly used in the biological control of lepidoptera-pest in several crops, as one of the alternatives in the programs of Integrated Pest Management, among the alternative methods to the chemical, are botanical insecticides , obtained from plants with insecticidal potential. For this interaction to be successful it is necessary to analyze the selectivity of these products so that they do not cause deleterious effects on the natural enemies. Thus, the selectivity and sublethal effects of botanical extracts in pupae and adults of T. pretiosum were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory with 11 treatments Rosmarinus officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Varronia curassavica, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Vermonia polyanthes, Plectranthus amboinicus, Tetradenia riparia, Artemisia absinthium, Cymbopogon citratus, distilled water and chlorpyrifos were the controls, randomized blocks with five replicates for selectivity and completely randomized with twenty replicates for sub lethal effect. For the extraction, the plants were collected in the morning and in the laboratory were separated 100 g of each species, immersed in 300 ml of methyl alcohol for 24 hours, in triple extraction, evaporated in the rotavapor and diluted in the proportion 1000 mg to 250 ml of distilled water. Parasitism and viability (%) and parasitoid mortality were classified according to the standard protocols of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), class 1 - innocuous (E <30%); class 2 - slightly harmful (30 ≤ E ≤ 79%); class 3 - moderately harmful (80 ≤ E ≤ 99%); class 4 - harmful (E> 99%), as well as sub-lethal effects. In the evaluation of the selectivity in adults, parasitism reduction was observed in the extracts of Mikania glomerata, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cymbopogon citratus, being classified as slightly innocuous (Class 2), also presenting sub-lethal effects. In the pupae phase, the extracts of Mikania glomerata, Artemisia absinthium and Cymbopogon citratus presented low selectivity, classified as slightly innocuous (Class 2), sub lethal effects were observed in the treatments with the extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Cymbopogon citratus. Chlorpyrifos in both phases was classified as moderately harmful (Class 3), with a significant reduction in sub lethal effects. It is concluded that the extract of Cymbopogon citratus presents low selectivity and sub lethal effects to T. pretiosum in the adult and pupae phases. Botanical extracts of Mikania glomerata, Chenopodium ambrosioides provide low selectivity and also sub-lethal effects in adults of T. pretiosum.
The parasitoid of eggs, Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), commonly used in the biological control of lepidoptera-pest in several crops, as one of the alternatives in the programs of Integrated Pest Management, among the alternative methods to the chemical, are botanical insecticides , obtained from plants with insecticidal potential. For this interaction to be successful it is necessary to analyze the selectivity of these products so that they do not cause deleterious effects on the natural enemies. Thus, the selectivity and sublethal effects of botanical extracts in pupae and adults of T. pretiosum were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory with 11 treatments Rosmarinus officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Varronia curassavica, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Vermonia polyanthes, Plectranthus amboinicus, Tetradenia riparia, Artemisia absinthium, Cymbopogon citratus, distilled water and chlorpyrifos were the controls, randomized blocks with five replicates for selectivity and completely randomized with twenty replicates for sub lethal effect. For the extraction, the plants were collected in the morning and in the laboratory were separated 100 g of each species, immersed in 300 ml of methyl alcohol for 24 hours, in triple extraction, evaporated in the rotavapor and diluted in the proportion 1000 mg to 250 ml of distilled water. Parasitism and viability (%) and parasitoid mortality were classified according to the standard protocols of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), class 1 - innocuous (E <30%); class 2 - slightly harmful (30 ≤ E ≤ 79%); class 3 - moderately harmful (80 ≤ E ≤ 99%); class 4 - harmful (E> 99%), as well as sub-lethal effects. In the evaluation of the selectivity in adults, parasitism reduction was observed in the extracts of Mikania glomerata, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cymbopogon citratus, being classified as slightly innocuous (Class 2), also presenting sub-lethal effects. In the pupae phase, the extracts of Mikania glomerata, Artemisia absinthium and Cymbopogon citratus presented low selectivity, classified as slightly innocuous (Class 2), sub lethal effects were observed in the treatments with the extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Cymbopogon citratus. Chlorpyrifos in both phases was classified as moderately harmful (Class 3), with a significant reduction in sub lethal effects. It is concluded that the extract of Cymbopogon citratus presents low selectivity and sub lethal effects to T. pretiosum in the adult and pupae phases. Botanical extracts of Mikania glomerata, Chenopodium ambrosioides provide low selectivity and also sub-lethal effects in adults of T. pretiosum.
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controle biológico,, parasitoide de ovos, manejo integrado de pragas, inseticidas botânicos