Efeitos da suplementação de óleo de chia (Salvia hispanica L.) combinada ao treinamento aeróbio como estratégia no combate à obesidade em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica
Data
2019-12-03
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é uma doença complexa e multifatorial caracterizada pelo acúmulo anormal ou excessivo de gordura corporal, que acarreta prejuízos à saúde dos indivíduos. Nesse contexto, prevenir e tratar essa doença e suas complicações metabólicas é fundamental e a primeira opção para seu manejo é a mudança no estilo de vida composta pela prática de atividade física e dieta. Alguns alimentos específicos podem promover benefícios contra a obesidade, como é o caso da chia fonte de ácido α-linolênico, o qual apresenta efeito hepatoprotetor e cardioprotetor. Entretanto, não são conhecidos pelo nosso grupo estudos que associem a suplementação do óleo de chia com o exercício físico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de óleo de chia aplicada isoladamente e associada ao treinamento aeróbio (TA), sobre composição corporal, perfil lipídico, acúmulo de gordura hepática, função e estrutura cardíaca de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada com ratos machos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos: Controle normocalórico (CN) – alimentados com dieta comercial por 14 semanas; Controle obesogênico (CO) – alimentado com dieta obesogênica hiperlipídica; Dieta obesogênica e suplementado com óleo de chia (OOChia) e Dieta obesogênica suplementada com óleo de chia e associada a treinamento aeróbio (OTOChia). Os grupos obesogênicos foram alimentados com dieta de cafeteria sendo que o ganho de peso foi monitorado uma vez na semana e a ingestão de dieta a cada dois dias. O protocolo durou 14 semanas e as intervenções foram iniciadas após a 6ª semana, totalizando 8 semanas de intervenção. O óleo de chia foi suplementado por meio de gavagem diária (1mL) e o TA foi por meio de natação com duração de 30 minutos e frequência de 3 vezes na semana. Cinco dias antes da eutanásia foi realizado o exame de ecocardiografia para avaliação funcional do coração. Ao final das 14 semanas os animais tiveram o sangue coletado em jejum e, após a exsanguinação, o fígado, coração e os tecidos adiposos epididimal (TAE), mesentérico (TAM) e retroperitonial (TAR) foram retirados para as análises de quantidade de gordura no fígado, estrutura cardíaca e composição corporal. Os lipídios nos fígados foram mensurados por Bligh & Dyer, alíquotas do tecido hepático foram fixadas em formalina tamponada e encaminhadas para análise histológica, perfil lipídico foi analisado por meio de método colorimétrico, lâminas histológicas do coração foram confeccionadas, coradas com hematoxilina/eosina para mensuração das áreas de secção transversa dos cardiomiócitos e análise da dimensão fractal. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas pela análise de variância ANOVA - One Way com pós teste de Tukey para dados normais ou Kruskal-Wallis com pós teste de Dunn para dados não normais. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os resultados estatísticos demostram que o óleo de chia, quando administrado por 8 semanas de maneira isolada, induziu menor ganho de TAE, diminui triglicérides e colesterol total, e aumentou HDL colesterol. Ainda menor área dos cardiomiócitos e menor valores de dimensão fractal foram observados para o grupo OOChia. Já a associação do óleo de chia com o TA levou a menor ganho de peso cumulativo, menor aumento de TAE, TAM e TAR, assim como diminuiu triglicérides e aumentou HDL colesterol. Além disso, também apresentou menores valores de dimensão fractal. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de óleo de chia de maneira isolada ou associado com o TA, durante 8 semanas, produz efeitos positivos no perfil lipídico, tecido adiposo, acúmulo de gordura hepática e estrutura cardíaca em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals. In this context, preventing and treating this disease and its metabolic complications is fundamental and the first option for its management is the change in lifestyle composed by the practice of physical activity and diet. Some specific foods may promote benefits against obesity, such as the chia source of α-linolenic acid, which has a hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect. However, are not known by our group studies that associate chia oil supplementation with physical exercise. AIM: To evaluate the effects of chia oil supplementation applied alone and associated with aerobic training, on body composition, lipid profile, liver fat accumulation, function and cardiac structure of rats fed a high fat diet. METHODS: The research was conducted with male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Normocaloric Control (CN) - fed commercial diet for 14 weeks; Obesogenic control (CO) - fed a hyperlipidic obesogenic diet; Dietary supplementation with chia oil (OOChia) and Obesogenic diet supplemented with chia oil and aerobic training (OTOChia). Obesogenic groups were fed a cafeteria diet and weight gain was monitored once a week and dietary intake every two days. The protocol lasted 14 weeks and the interventions started after week 6, totaling 8 weeks of intervention. The chia oil was supplemented by daily gavage (1mL) and the aerobic training was through swimming lasting 30 minutes and frequency of 3 times a week. Five days before euthanasia, the echocardiography was performed for functional assessment of the heart. At the end of 14 weeks the animals had their blood collected fasting and after exsanguination, the liver, heart and epididymal (TAE), mesenteric (TAM) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (TAR) were removed for fat content analysis in the liver, cardiac structure and body composition. Lipids in livers were measured by Bligh & Dyer, aliquots of liver tissue were fixed in buffered formalin and sent for histological analysis, lipid profile was analyzed by colorimetric method, heart histological slides were made, hematoxylin/eosin stained for measurement of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas and fractal dimension analysis. Comparisons between groups were performed by analysis of variance ANOVA - One Way with Tukey post-test for normal data or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post-test for non-normal data. The adopted significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Statistical results show that chia oil, when administered for 8 weeks in isolation, induced lower gain in TAE, decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol. Even smaller area of cardiomyocytes and smaller values of fractal dimension were observed for the OOChia group. The association of chia oil with TA led to lower cumulative weight gain, lower increase in TAE, TAM and TAR, as well as decreased triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol. In addition, it also presented smaller fractal dimension values. CONCLUSION: The consumption of chia oil alone or associated with AT for 8 weeks has positive effects on lipid profile, adipose tissue, liver fat accumulation and cardiac structure in rats fed a high fat diet.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals. In this context, preventing and treating this disease and its metabolic complications is fundamental and the first option for its management is the change in lifestyle composed by the practice of physical activity and diet. Some specific foods may promote benefits against obesity, such as the chia source of α-linolenic acid, which has a hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect. However, are not known by our group studies that associate chia oil supplementation with physical exercise. AIM: To evaluate the effects of chia oil supplementation applied alone and associated with aerobic training, on body composition, lipid profile, liver fat accumulation, function and cardiac structure of rats fed a high fat diet. METHODS: The research was conducted with male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Normocaloric Control (CN) - fed commercial diet for 14 weeks; Obesogenic control (CO) - fed a hyperlipidic obesogenic diet; Dietary supplementation with chia oil (OOChia) and Obesogenic diet supplemented with chia oil and aerobic training (OTOChia). Obesogenic groups were fed a cafeteria diet and weight gain was monitored once a week and dietary intake every two days. The protocol lasted 14 weeks and the interventions started after week 6, totaling 8 weeks of intervention. The chia oil was supplemented by daily gavage (1mL) and the aerobic training was through swimming lasting 30 minutes and frequency of 3 times a week. Five days before euthanasia, the echocardiography was performed for functional assessment of the heart. At the end of 14 weeks the animals had their blood collected fasting and after exsanguination, the liver, heart and epididymal (TAE), mesenteric (TAM) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (TAR) were removed for fat content analysis in the liver, cardiac structure and body composition. Lipids in livers were measured by Bligh & Dyer, aliquots of liver tissue were fixed in buffered formalin and sent for histological analysis, lipid profile was analyzed by colorimetric method, heart histological slides were made, hematoxylin/eosin stained for measurement of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas and fractal dimension analysis. Comparisons between groups were performed by analysis of variance ANOVA - One Way with Tukey post-test for normal data or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post-test for non-normal data. The adopted significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Statistical results show that chia oil, when administered for 8 weeks in isolation, induced lower gain in TAE, decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol. Even smaller area of cardiomyocytes and smaller values of fractal dimension were observed for the OOChia group. The association of chia oil with TA led to lower cumulative weight gain, lower increase in TAE, TAM and TAR, as well as decreased triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol. In addition, it also presented smaller fractal dimension values. CONCLUSION: The consumption of chia oil alone or associated with AT for 8 weeks has positive effects on lipid profile, adipose tissue, liver fat accumulation and cardiac structure in rats fed a high fat diet.
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Palavras-chave
Obesidade, Ácidos graxos ômega-3, Dieta, Exercício, Antioxidantes