Território e mobilidade social: o nikkei como profissional liberal no município de Presidente Prudente/SP
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2019-05-09
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A presente tese tem por objetivo compreender a trajetória de mobilidade espacial e social dos profissionais liberais nikkeis no município de Presidente Prudente/SP, por meio dos estratos ocupacionais centralizados nas especialidades de advocacia, de arquitetura, de engenharia civil, de medicina e de odontologia, vislumbrando uma dinâmica de mobilidade para o estudo pelo território e pela territorialidade, dentro de uma escala temporal entre as décadas de 1950-1980, sendo o sujeito da pesquisa o nikkei a partir da segunda (nissei) e da terceira (sansei) geração de descendentes de japoneses no Brasil. Para tanto, os aspectos teórico-metodológicos estão balizados pelos depoimentos orais dos 16 entrevistados nikkeis, que estão descritos e analisados pela literatura especializada da ciência geográfica, através dos conceitos de território de possibilidades e de mobilidade diferenciada. Nessa perspectiva, a mobilidade espacial e social dos profissionais liberais nikkeis tem na educação à motivação para os múltiplos deslocamentos, que perpassam por alguns municípios estratégicos (família, colônia, escola e pensão), no intuito de oferecer o ensino ao nissei e sansei, já que o município de origem nos idos de 1950/1960/1970 não possuía o curso ginasial e o colegial. E muito menos o cursinho preparatório para o vestibular que geralmente era localizado nos grandes centros urbanos (São Paulo/SP, Rio de Janeiro/RJ e Curitiba/PR). Coube aos isseis (1° geração) depois da II Guerra Mundial estimular as famílias que se reterritorializaram no Oeste Paulista para investir na educação dos filhos. Enquanto isso a família nipo-brasileira territorializada permanecia no trabalho da lavoura ou do comércio e, posteriormente, quem passou a ter mais mobilidade na família nipo-brasileira foi o filho nikkei escolhido para o estudo. Todavia, a mobilidade diferenciada (percurso/estratégia/valorização intelectual) dos profissionais liberais nikkeis pela historia oral (vida/estudo/carreira) na tese se apresentou como um projeto familiar pelo incentivo e custeamento dos estudos dos filhos, no âmbito de ter um filho doutor, dando notoriedade, prestígio e status para o sobrenome da família na sociedade receptora local. E, também, era um projeto individual sobre o ponto de vista do nikkei que tinha que se destacar nos estudos para poder entrar numa faculdade pública e/ou renomada. Por fim, o município de Presidente Prudente/SP foi o território de possibilidades para os profissionais liberais nikkeis (tanto os naturais quanto os de fora) que aqui instalaram seus escritórios, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais, sendo um lugar de oportunidades e de negócios para os profissionais que investiram nas carreiras dos segmentos liberais especializados.
The aim of this thesis is to understand the spatial and social mobility trajectory of the nikkei liberal professionals in the municipality of Presidente Prudente/SP, through the occupational strata centralized in the specialties of advocacy, architecture, civil engineering, medicine and dentistry, (nissei), and the third (sansei) generation of descendants of the nissei, from the Japanese in Brazil. To that end, the theoretical-methodological aspects are based on the oral statements of the 16 nikkei interviewees, who are described and analyzed by the specialized literature of geographic science, through the concepts of territory of possibilities and differentiated mobility. In this perspective, the physical and social mobility of the nikkei liberal professionals has in the education to the motivation for the multiple displacements, that pass through some strategic municipalities (family, colony, school and pension), in order to offer the education to nissei and sansei, already that the municipality of origin in the years 1950/1960/1970 did not have the junior and high school. And much less the preparatory course for the vestibular that was generally located in the great urban centers (São Paulo/SP, Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Curitiba/PR). It was up to the Isseis (1° generation) after World War II to encourage the families that reterritorialized themselves in the West of São Paulo to invest in the education of their children. In the meantime the Japanese-territorialized Japanese family remained in the work of farming or commerce, and later, those who became more mobile in the Japanese-Brazilian family were the nikkei children chosen for the study. However, the differentiated mobility (path/strategy/intellectual valorization) of nikkei liberal professionals in oral history (life/teaching/career) in the thesis was presented as a family project for the encouragement and funding of children's studies, in the scope of having a child doctor, giving notoriety, prestige and status to the family surname in the local receiving society. And it was also an individual project from the point of view of nikkei that had to stand out in the studies to be able to enter a public and / or renowned faculty. Finally, the municipality of Presidente Prudente/SP was the territory of possibilities for nikkei liberal professionals (both natural and outsiders) who installed their offices, clinics, clinics and hospitals here, being a place of opportunity and business for the professionals who invested in the careers of the specialized liberal segments.
The aim of this thesis is to understand the spatial and social mobility trajectory of the nikkei liberal professionals in the municipality of Presidente Prudente/SP, through the occupational strata centralized in the specialties of advocacy, architecture, civil engineering, medicine and dentistry, (nissei), and the third (sansei) generation of descendants of the nissei, from the Japanese in Brazil. To that end, the theoretical-methodological aspects are based on the oral statements of the 16 nikkei interviewees, who are described and analyzed by the specialized literature of geographic science, through the concepts of territory of possibilities and differentiated mobility. In this perspective, the physical and social mobility of the nikkei liberal professionals has in the education to the motivation for the multiple displacements, that pass through some strategic municipalities (family, colony, school and pension), in order to offer the education to nissei and sansei, already that the municipality of origin in the years 1950/1960/1970 did not have the junior and high school. And much less the preparatory course for the vestibular that was generally located in the great urban centers (São Paulo/SP, Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Curitiba/PR). It was up to the Isseis (1° generation) after World War II to encourage the families that reterritorialized themselves in the West of São Paulo to invest in the education of their children. In the meantime the Japanese-territorialized Japanese family remained in the work of farming or commerce, and later, those who became more mobile in the Japanese-Brazilian family were the nikkei children chosen for the study. However, the differentiated mobility (path/strategy/intellectual valorization) of nikkei liberal professionals in oral history (life/teaching/career) in the thesis was presented as a family project for the encouragement and funding of children's studies, in the scope of having a child doctor, giving notoriety, prestige and status to the family surname in the local receiving society. And it was also an individual project from the point of view of nikkei that had to stand out in the studies to be able to enter a public and / or renowned faculty. Finally, the municipality of Presidente Prudente/SP was the territory of possibilities for nikkei liberal professionals (both natural and outsiders) who installed their offices, clinics, clinics and hospitals here, being a place of opportunity and business for the professionals who invested in the careers of the specialized liberal segments.
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Palavras-chave
Território, Mobilidade espacial e social, Família, Profissional liberal, Nikkei, Territory, Social mobility, Family, Liberal professional